Yellow

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yellow is any color of light that stimulates both the red and green cone cells of the retina, but not the blue cone cells. Light with a wavelength of 565–590 nm is yellow, though light with both red frequencies and green frequencies, such as mixing orange and lime light, or red and green light, is also yellow, and its scientifically defined complementary color in terms of color mixing using light is blue. Of all colors, yellow is the most difficult color for the eye to process.^{[citation needed]}

Contents 1 Variations of Yellow 1.1 Electric Yellow 1.2 Process Yellow (pigment Yellow) (printer's Yellow)(canary Yellow) 2 Geography 3 Plants and animals 4 Shades of yellow color comparison chart 5 Yellow in human culture 5.1 Cultural associations 5.2 Ethnography 5.3 Finance 5.4 Food 5.5 Games 5.6 Gardening 5.7 History 5.8 Illumination 5.9 Interior Design 5.10 Journalism 5.11 Literature 5.12 Medicine 5.13 Military 5.14 Mining 5.15 Music 5.16 Religion 5.17 Politics 5.18 Sexuality 5.19 Sports 5.20 Telecommunications 5.21 Transportation 6 Yellow pigments 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

[edit] Variations of Yellow

[edit] Electric Yellow

Yellow (additive secondary)
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#FFFF00
RGBa	(r, g, b)	(255, 255, 0)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(60°, 100%, 100%)
a: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

The color box at right shows yellow as reproduced on a computer screen, which uses a RGB color model or it is additive secondary.

[edit] Process Yellow (pigment Yellow) (printer's Yellow)(canary Yellow)

Yellow is one of the three subtractive primary colors, along with magenta and cyan. The CMYK system for color printing is based on using four inks, one of which is a Yellow color. This is not in itself a standard color, though a fairly narrow range of Yellow inks are used.

Because of the characteristics of paint pigments and use of different color wheels, painters traditionally regard the complement of Yellow as the color indigo (blue-violet).

The CMYK printing process was invented in the 1890s, when newspapers began to publish color comic strips.

Process Yellow is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure Yellow ink.

This color is also called canary Yellow.

[edit] Geography

Many place names refer to yellow:

• The Yellow River of China
• The Yellow Sea
• Yellow Bluff, Alabama
• Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota
• Yellowtain, Montana
• Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan

Yellowstone

• Yellowstone National Park
• Yellowstone Caldera, the Yellowstone supervolcano
• Yellowstone Falls
• Yellowstone River
• Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone

Northwest Territories, Canada

• Yellowknife, the capital and only city of Northwest Territories in Canada, with population of about 18,000.
• Yellowknife River is a river in the Northwest Territories; it flows south and empties into Yellowknife Bay, part of Great Slave Lake, at the city of Yellowknife.

[edit] Plants and animals

• The yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) is a birch species native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and southern Quebec west to Minnesota, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia. They are medium-sized deciduous trees and can reaching about 20 m tall, trunks up to 80 cm in diameter. The bark is smooth and yellow-bronze and the wood is extensively used for flooring, cabinetry, and toothpicks.

• Yellow-breasted Chats (Icteria virens) are large foraging songbird found in southern parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America. They are olive with a white bellies and a yellow throat and breast, with a long tail, a thick heavy bill, a large white eye ring, and dark legs.
• A yellow-fever mosquito is a mosquito in the Aedes genus, so named because they transmit dengue fever and yellow fever, the mosquito-born viruses.
• Yellow-green alga, also called xanthophytes, are a class of algae in the Heterokontophyta division. Most live in freshwater, but some are found in marine and soil habitats. They vary from single-celled flagellates to simple colonial and filamentousforms. Unlike other heterokonts, yellow-green algae's chloroplasts do not contain fucoxanthin, which is why they have a lighter color.

• The Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) is a passerine in the bunting family Emberizidae. It breeds across Europe and much of Asia. Most yellowhammers are resident, but some far northern birds migrate south in winter. It is common in all sorts of open areas with some scrub or trees. They are large with a thick seed-eater's bill. The males have a bright yellow head, yellow underparts, and a heavily streaked brown back. Females are much duller and more streaked below.
• Yellowjackets are black-and-yellow wasps of the genus Vespula or Dolichovespula (though some can be black-and-white, the most notable of these being the bald-faced hornet, Dolichovespula maculata). They can be identified by their distinctive black-and-yellow color, small size (slightly larger than a bee), and entirely black antennae.
• Yellow poplar is a common name for Liriodendron, the tuliptree. The name is inaccurate as this genus is not related to poplars.
• The Yellow-shafted Flicker (Colaptes auratus) is a large woodpecker species of eastern North America. They have yellow shafts on their wing and tail feathers.
• Yellowtail is the common name for dozens of different fish species that have yellow tails or a yellow body.
• Goldenrod is a yellow flowering plant in the Family Asteraceae

[edit] Shades of yellow color comparison chart

• Yellow Mist (web color Light Yellow) (Hex: #FFFFE0) (RGB: 255, 255, 224)
• Old Lace (web color) (Hex: #FFA6C9) (RGB: 245, 245, 220)
• Linen (web color) (Hex: #FAF0E6) (RGB: 250, 240, 230)
• Antique White (web color) (Hex: #FAEBD7) (RGB: 250, 235, 215)
• Blanched Almond (web color) (Hex: #FFEBCD) (RGB: 255, 235, 205)
• Light Goldenrod (web color) (Hex: #FAFAD2) (RGB: 250, 250, 210)
• Lemon Chiffon (web color) (Hex: #FFFACD) (RGB: 255, 250, 205)
• Cornsilk (web color) (Hex: #FFF8DC) (RGB: 255, 248, 220)
• Beige (web color) (Hex: #F5F5DC) (RGB: 245, 245, 220)
• Cream (Hex: #FFFDD0) (RGB: 255, 253, 208)
• Lemon Cream (web color) (Hex: #FFFACD) (RGB: 255, 250, 205)
• Papaya Whip (web color) (Hex: #FFEFD5) (RGB: 255, 239, 213)
• Banana Mania (Crayola) (Hex: #FBE7B2) (RGB: 251, 231, 128)
• Moccasin (web color) (Hex: #FFE4B5) (RGB: 255, 228, 182)
• Peach-Yellow (Hex: #FADFAD) (RGB: 250, 223, 173)
• Wheat (web color) (Hex: #F5DEB3) (RGB: 245, 222, 179)
• Bisque (web color) (Hex: #FFE4C4) (RGB: 255, 228, 196)
• Navajo White (web color) (Hex: #FFDEAD) (RGB: 255, 222, 173)
• Light Khaki (X11 "Khaki") (Hex: #F0E68C) (RGB: 240, 230, 140)
• Pale Goldenrod (web color) (Hex: #EEE8AA) (RGB: 238, 232, 170)
• Pale Canary Yellow (Crayola Canary) (Hex: #FFFF99) (RGB: 255, 255, 153)
• Buff (HexF0DC82) (RGB: 240, 220, 130)
• Flax (Hex: #EEDC82) (RGB: 238, 220, 130)
• Zinnwaldite (Hex: #EBC2AF) (RGB: 235, 194, 175)
• Desert Sand (Crayola) (Hex: #EDC9AF) (RGB: 237, 201, 175)
• Peach Puff (web color) (Hex: #FFDAB9) (RGB: 255, 218, 185)
• Peach (Hex: #FFE5B4) (RGB: 255, 229, 180)
• Deep Peach (Crayola Peach) (Hex: #FFCBA4) (RGB: 255, 203, 164)
• Peach-Orange (Hex: #FFCC99) (RGB: 255, 204, 153)
• Bright Apricot (Crayola Apricot) (Hex: #FDD5B1) (RGB: 253, 213, 177)
• Apricot (Hex: #FBCEB1) (RGB: 251, 206, 177)
• Dandelion (Crayola) (Hex: #FED85D) (RGB: 254, 216, 93)
• Mustard (Hex: #FFDB58) (RGB: 255, 219, 88)
• Medium Goldenrod (Crayola Goldenrod) (Hex: #FCD667) (RGB: 252, 214, 103)
• Corn (Hex: #FBEC5D) (RGB: 251, 236, 93)
• Medium Yellow (Crayola Yellow) (Hex: #FBE870) (RGB: 255, 239, 0)
• Ultra Yellow (Laser Lemon) (Crayola) (Hex: #FFFF66) (RGB: 255, 255, 102)
• YELLOW (Electric Yellow) (Hex: #FFFF00) (RGB: 255, 255, 0)
• Process Yellow (Pigment Yellow) (Printer's Yellow) (Canary Yellow) (Hex: #FFEF00) (RGB: 255, 239, 0)
• Lemon Yellow (Lemon) Hex: #FDE910) (RGB: 253, 233, 16)
• Golden Yellow (Hex: #FFDF00) (RGB: 255, 223, 0)
• School Bus Yellow (Hex: #FFD800) (RGB: 255, 216, 0)
• Golden (web color Gold) (Hex: #FFD700) (RGB: 255, 215, 0)
• Sunglow (Crayola) (Hex: #FFCC33) (RGB: 255, 204, 51)
• Tangerine Yellow (Hex: #FFCC00) (RGB: 255, 204, 0)
• Saffron (Hex: #F4C430) (RGB: 244, 196, 48)
• Golden Poppy (Hex: #FCC200) (RGB: 252, 194, 0)
• Amber (Hex: #FFBF00) (RGB: 255, 191, 0)
• Selective Yellow (Hex: #FFBA00) (RGB: 255, 186, 0)
• Macaroni and Cheese (Crayola) (Hex: #FFB79B) (RGB: 255, 185, 123)
• Sandy Brown (web color) (Hex: #F4A460) (RGB: 244, 164, 96)
• Atomic Tangerine (Crayola) (Hex: #FF9966) (RGB: 255, 153, 102)
• Gamboge (Hex: #EF9B0F) (RGB: 239, 155, 15)
• Pale Gold (Crayola Gold) (Hex: #E6BE8A) (RGB: 230, 190, 138)
• Brass (Hex: #C3A368) (RGB: 195, 163, 104)
• Old Gold (Hex: #CFB53B) (RGB: 207, 181, 59)
• Metallic Gold (Hex: #D4AF37) (RGB: 212, 175, 55)
• Goldenrod (web color) (Hex: #DAA520) (RGB: 218, 165, 32)
• Peru (web color) (Hex: #CD853F) (RGB: 205, 133, 63)
• Ochre (Hex: #CC7722) (RGB: 204, 119, 34)
• Dark Goldenrod (web color) (Hex: #b8860B) (RGB: 184, 134, 11)
• Sandy Taupe (Hex: #967117) (RGB: 150, 113, 23)
• Fallow (Hex: #C19A6B) (RGB: 193, 154, 107)
• Khaki (HTML/CSS) (Hex: #C3B091) (RGB: 195, 176, 145)
• Ecru (Hex: #C3B091) (RGB: 205, 184, 145)
• Dark Khaki (X11 "Dark Khaki") (Hex: #BDB76B) (RGB: 189, 183, 107)
• Pear (Hex: #D1E231) (RGB: 209, 226, 49)
• Chartreuse Yellow (Hex: #DFFF00) (RGB: 223, 255, 0)
• Lime (Hex: #BFFF00) (RGB: 191, 255, 0)
• Green-Yellow (web color) (Hex: #ADFF2F) (RGB: 173, 255, 47)
• Yellow-Green (web color) (Hex: #9ACD32) (RGB: 154, 205, 50)
• Pale Green-Yellow (Crayola Green-Yellow) (Hex: #F1E788) (RGB: 242, 231, 136)
• Lime Pulp (Hex: #D1E189) (RGB: 209, 225, 137)
• Swamp Green (Hex: #ACB78E) (RGB: 172, 183, 142)
• Camouflage Green (Hex: #78866B) (RGB: 120, 134, 107)
• Dark Olive Green (web color) (Hex: #556B2F) (RGB: 85, 107, 47)
• Olive Drab (web color) (Hex: #6B8E23) (RGB: 107, 142, 135)
• Olive (web color) (Hex: #808000) (RGB: 128, 128, 0)
• Shadow (Crayola) (Hex: #837050) (RGB: 131, 112, 80)
• Raw Umber (Hex: #734A12) (RGB: 115, 74, 18)

[edit] Yellow in human culture

[edit] Cultural associations

• Yellow is a bright, cheerful color, often associated with happiness and peace.
• In the English language, yellow has traditionally been associated with jaundice and cowardice. In American slang, a coward is said to be "yellowbellied" or "yellow."
  
• In Hindu mythology it is considered that yellow has the power to influence the intellect.
• In ancient China, yellow was the symbol of Centre and Earth, one of the main five colors.
• In South Korea the color yellow is associated with jealousy.
• Near the end of the 19th century, the color yellow was often associated with mental illness, specifically including insanity, and with other sorts of mental problems (e.g. depravity). Examples include The Yellow Book, The Yellow Wallpaper, The King in Yellow, and The Yellow Sign.
• In Chinese culture, yellow is associated with royalty, as it is also in southeast Asia. In China, commoners were not allowed to wear yellow until modern times.
• In the Malay the term budaya kuning (lit. "yellow culture") is used to refer to lewd or uncouth behaviour, with the implication that such culture is an import from Western societies.
• There is a yellow smile, in Arab culture, which is an ingenuine smile. A yellow smile is used when a person is concealing lack of interest, fear, or any emotion he wishes to keep hidden. It is sometimes used as a joke, by making a face of a crooked, ingenuine smile, when somebody tells a bad joke or is trying to make others laugh for something they do not find humorous enough.
• There is also a French expression "rire jaune" ("yellow laughter") which could be translated into English as "mirthless laughter", laughing without mirth, laughing when you don't find the joke funny, or when the joke is directed at you.

[edit] Ethnography

• Mongoloid Asians or people of East Asian and Southeast Asian descent are sometimes referred to as the yellow race. The use of "yellow" to refer to people of East Asian descent is usually regarded as offensive today in most contexts. In the 20th-century United States, immigrants from China and other East Asian nations were derogatorily referred to as a "yellow peril."
• The Yellowknife tribe were a Canadian First Nations tribe. The Yellowknife River and the city Yellowknife (the capital of the Northwest Territories) are named after the tribe.
• Yellow Bird was a chief of the Walla Walla tribe.

[edit] Finance

• Because it is similar to the gold color and precious metals such as gold or bronze, yellow is associated with coinage and bullion.

[edit] Food

• Mustard yellow is the color of the belt awarded to the World Hot Dog Eating Champion at the annual contest at Nathan's Famous in Coney Island, New York.

[edit] Games

• Yellow is the color of the snooker ball that has a 2-point value.

[edit] Gardening

• The Yellow Rose of Texas, Rosa 'Harison's Yellow', first bloomed in New York City in the 1830s.

[edit] History

• The legendary first emperor of China was known as the Yellow Emperor or Huang Di (Chinese: 黃帝, Simplified Chinese: 黄帝).
• As such, yellow was the symbol for the Emperor of China.
• The Yellow Turbans were a Daoist sect that staged an extensive rebellion during the Han Dynasty.

[edit] Illumination

• Yellow bug lights are used on front or back porches of houses to repel insects.

[edit] Interior Design

• Yellow and golden are the two most popular colors for painting kitchens.

[edit] Journalism

• "Yellow journalism" was sensationalist journalism that distorts, exaggerates, or exploits news to maximize profit. The term came from Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal American, who engaged in sensational reporting during the late 19th and early 20th century, most famously during the Spanish-American War. The term was derived from the color comic strip The Yellow Kid, which appeared in both papers.

[edit] Literature

• "Yellow", or "giallo", in Italy, refers to mystery books, mystery movies, or tv shows, as the spine of mystery novels are colored yellow.

[edit] Medicine

• Yellow is associated with hepatitis A, since someone who has that disease turns yellow.
• "Yellow" is 20th Century American drug slang for Nembutal, a barbiturate. This is due to the yellow color of the pills.

[edit] Military

• On the United States Army and in many commonwealth countries, yellow is the color of cavalry - cavalry uniforms often include a yellow stripe down the side of each leg.

[edit] Mining

• Yellowcake (also known as urania and uranic oxide) is concentrated uranium oxide, obtained through the milling of uranium ore. Yellowcake is used in the preparation of fuel for nuclear reactors and in uranium enrichment, one of the essential steps for creating nuclear weapons.

[edit] Music

• The March 1967 album by Donovan called Mellow Yellow was very popular among the hippies. The featured song on the album, Mellow Yellow, popularized during the Spring of 1967 a widely believed hoax that it was possible to get high by smoking scrapings from the inside of banana peels, although this rumor was actually started in 1966 by a different musician popular among the hippies, Country Joe McDonald.
• Yellow Submarine is a 1966 song by the Beatles (written by the Lennon-McCartney duo) and the theme song for the a 1968 animated United Artists film based on the music of the Beatles.
• Yellow Bird is a famous song from Jamaica. The most popular recording was the one done by Lawrence Welk

[edit] Religion

• In Christianity, yellow represents the deadly sin Greed.
• In Buddhism, yellow (actually, the color saffron) is commonly used in conjunction with red, orange , and brown by the monks. The Buddha wore yellow robes after Enlightenment.
• Brigham Young prophesied that because the citizens of Jackson County, Missouri had at one point expelled the Mormons, that before the second coming of Christ, there "would not be so much as a yellow dog left" in Jackson County (the city of Independence, Jackson County, Missouri is where Mormons believe the second coming of Christ will occur). [1]

[edit] Politics

• Yellow was also the color of the New Party in the Republic of China (Taiwan), which supports Chinese reunification.
• Pencils are often painted yellow because of the association of this color with China, where the best graphite is found; in the past, only pencils with Chinese graphite used to be painted yellow.
• In the United States, a Yellow Dog Democrat was a Southern voter who consistently voted for Democratic candidates in the late 19th and early 20th centuries because of lingering resentment against the Republicans dating back to the Civil War and Reconstruction period. Today the term refers to a hard-core Democrat, supposedly referring to a person who would vote for a "yellow dog" before voting for a Republican.
• In some countries, yellow symbolizes liberalism or libertarianism.

[edit] Sexuality

• In China, yellow can refer to a yellow movie, i.e. a pornographic film (analogous to pink movies in Japan and blue movies in the West).

[edit] Sports

• In Association football (soccer), the referee shows a yellow card to indicate that a player has been officially cautioned.
• In American Football, a yellow flag is thrown onto the field by a referee to indicate a penalty.
• Originally in Rugby League and then later, also in Rugby Union, the referee shows a yellow card to indicate that a player has been sent to the sin bin.
• In auto racing, a yellow flag signals caution. Cars are not allowed to pass one another under a yellow flag.
• In cycle racing, the yellow jersey - or maillot jaune - is awarded to the leader in a stage race. The tradition was begun in the Tour de France where the sponsoring L'Auto newspaper (later L'Équipe) was printed on distinctive yellow newsprint.

[edit] Telecommunications

• The Yellow Pages is the section of a phone book or online phone directory that lists business numbers by category. They are named for the color paper they are printed on in phone books to distinguish them from the regular listings.
• Yellow is the name of a submarine telecommunications cable system, also known as AC-2

[edit] Transportation

• In some countries, taxicabs are commonly yellow. This practice began in Chicago, where taxi entrepreneur John Hertz painted his taxis yellow based on a University of Chicago study alleging that yellow is the color most easily seen at a distance.
• In Canada and the United States, school buses are almost uniformly painted a yellow color (often referred to as "school bus yellow") for purposes of visibility and safety, and British bus operators such as FirstGroup plc are attempting to introduce the concept there.
• "Caterpillar yellow" and "high-visibility yellow" are used for highway construction equipment.
• In the United Kingdom, railway locomotives and multiple units typically have part or all of their ends painted yellow, for visibility.
• In the rules of the road, yellow ("amber" in Britain) is a traffic light signal meaning "slow down," "caution," or "slow speed ahead." It is intermediate between green (go) and red (stop). In railway signaling, yellow is often the color for warning, slow down, such as with distant signals.
• Several light rail and rapid transit lines on various public transportation have a Yellow Line.

[edit] Yellow pigments

• Cadmium Yellow
• Chrome yellow
• Gamboge
• Indian Yellow
• Naples Yellow
• Yellow ochre
• Orpiment
• Titanium yellow

[edit] See also

• List of colors
• lemon yellow
• mustard

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• All About the Color Yellow

v • d • e The Electromagnetic Spectrum
(Sorted by wavelength, short to long) Gamma ray • X-ray • Ultraviolet • Visible spectrum • Infrared • Terahertz radiation • Microwave • Radio waves
Visible (optical) spectrum	Violet • Blue • Green • Yellow • Orange • Red
Microwave spectrum	W band • V band • K band: Ka band, Ku band • X band • C band • S band • L band
Radio spectrum	EHF • SHF • UHF • VHF • HF • MF • LF • VLF • ULF • SLF • ELF
Wavelength designations	Microwave • Shortwave • Mediumwave • Longwave

				Shades of yellow
Amber	Beige	Buff	Corn	Cream	Dark Goldenrod	Ecru	Flax	Gamboge	Golden
Goldenrod	Khaki	Lemon	Lemon Cream	Lime	Mustard	Navajo white	Old Gold	Olive	Papaya whip
Peach-yellow	Pear	Saffron	School bus yellow	Selective yellow	Tangerine yellow	Yellow	Apricot	Metallic Gold	Chartreuse yellow
Golden yellow	Golden poppy	Green-yellow

Web colors	black	silver	gray	white	red	maroon	purple	fuchsia	green	lime	olive	yellow	orange	blue	navy	teal	aqua