Devnagrī
De la Vikipidiya
Devǎnagǎrī si yekh abugida lekhipen labyardo te lekhavel, korkoro vai le avere lekhimatenca, chhiba andar o Indikano Subkontinento sar sanskritikani, hindi, marathi, kashmiri, sindhi, romani, bihari, bhili, konkani, bhojpuri, nepali.
Ander |
[editisar] Nav
I devǎnagǎrī sas kerdini ando 12-to shelbersh andar o lekhipen Siddham. Pe sanskritikani, nagǎrī si i juvlikani forma andar nāgara (forutno). Si juvlikani andar kodya so pasharel i juvlikani navni lipi (lekhipen) , thai devǎ si "devel": devǎnagǎrī lipi - "forutno lekhipen le devlenge".
[editisar] Sar lekhavel pe
Pe devǎnagǎri lekhipen si 12 svǎra (vokalurya) thai 34 vyǎnjǎna (konsonanturya).
[editisar] Vyǎnjǎna
O devǎnagǎrī lekhipen si ek abugida lekhipen andar kodya so sa le vyǎnjǎna kana si korkore si len o svǎr ǎ. Sar misalyake, o grafem "प" si "pǎ". Te avel "p" trebul te labyardyovel o viram "्" so sikavel ke "ǎ" perel: "प्" si "p".
O viram nai labyardo te sikavel ke "ǎ" perel kana dui vai buteder vyǎnjǎna si ek palal avreste, bisvǎrenge mashkar lende. Atunch, le pasharde vyǎnjǎna phanden pen, kerindoi ekh phandipen. Sar misalyake, "k" lekhavdyovel korkoro sar "क्" thai "l" si korkoro "ल्". Ekh palal avreste si "क्ल्". Kathe o "क्" xasardyas i chachi rig. Numa o paluno vyǎnjǎn achhel bichhindo, sar misalyake trin vyǎnjǎna ekh palal avreste: "ख्स्त" si "khst" thai korkore si "ख", "स", "त". Si buteder regule te keren pen le vyǎnjǎnenge phandipena. Acharutnes, kana varekon lekhavel pe compyuter dosta te thol o viram/विराम "्" mashkar lende te keren pen le phandipena automatikanes. Sar misalyake, kerindoi klik "ग" + "्" + "ल" avel "ग्ल".
Tele si le vyǎnjǎna andar o devǎnagǎrī lekhipen.
| Grafem | Latinikanes | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| क | kǎ | kə |
| ख | khǎ | khə |
| ग | gǎ | ɡə |
| घ | ghǎ | ɡɦə |
| ङ | ngǎ,ṅǎ | ŋə |
| च | chǎ | tʃə |
| छ | chhǎ | tʃhə |
| ज | jǎ | dʒə |
| झ | jhǎ | dʒɦə |
| ञ | nyǎ, ñǎ | ɲə |
| ट | ttǎ, ṭǎ | ʈə |
| ठ | tthǎ, ṭhǎ | ʈhə |
| ड | ddǎ, ḍǎ | ɖ / ɽə |
| ढ | ddhǎ, ḍhǎ | ɖɦ / ɽɦə |
| ण | nnǎ, ṇǎ | ɳə |
| त | tǎ | t̪ə |
| थ | thǎ | t̪hə |
| द | dǎ | d̪ə |
| ध | dhǎ | d̪ɦə |
| न | nǎ | n̪ə |
| प | pǎ | pə |
| फ | phǎ | phə |
| ब | bǎ | bə |
| भ | bhǎ | bɦə |
| म | mǎ | mə |
| य | yǎ | jə |
| र | rǎ | ɾə |
| ल | lǎ | lə |
| ळ | llǎ, ḷǎ | ɭə |
| व | vǎ | və |
| श | shǎ, śǎ | ɕə |
| ष | ssǎ, ṣǎ | ʂə |
| स | sǎ | sə |
| ह | hǎ | hə |
Kadale si le vyǎnjǎna so sas ko shirdipen. Kana neve shunipena labyardyoven pe chhib, neve grafema keren pen andar le purane. O semno "़" (nukta/नुक़ता) thol pes po grafem so shunel pes mai pasharno.
| Grafem | Latinikanes | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| क़ | q | /qə/ |
| फ़ | f | /fə/ |
| ख़ | x, khh | /xə/ |
| ग़ | /ɣə/ | ghh |
| ज़ | z | /zə/ |
| श़ | zh | ʐ |
| ड़ | <ni ekh> | /ɽə/ |
| ढ़ | <ni ekh> | /ɽʱə/ |
[editisar] Svǎra
Sa le svǎren, avryal "ǎ", si len dui forme: ekh kana si korkoro, ko shirdipen le lavengo vai palal aver svǎr thai aver forma palal ekh vyǎnjǎn. Sar misalyake, "o" korkoro si "ओ" thai palal vyǎnjǎn si "ो", s.m. "पो" = "po". Numa le svǎreske "ǎ", chi trebul te labyarel ni ekh grafema te lekhavel les palal ekh vyǎnjǎn: "प" si "pǎ".
Tele si sa le svǎre: anglunes si i forma kana o svǎr si korkoro thai o duito si i forma palal ekh vyǎnjǎn (kathe, sar misalyake, "प्"-"p"):
| Semno | Semno le svǎresko palal <p> | Latinikanes | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| अ | प (ni ekh) | a | ə |
| आ | पा | aa | ɑ |
| इ | पि | i | ɪ |
| ई | पी | ii | i |
| उ | पु | u | ʊ |
| ऊ | पू | uu | u |
| ऋ | पृ | svǎr r | rɪ ([r ̩]) andi Sanskrit) |
| ॠ | पॄ | svǎr rr | rɪ ([rː̩]) andi Sanskrit) |
| ऌ | पॢ | svǎr l | ([l ̩]) andi Sanskrit) |
| ॡ | पॣ | svǎr ll | (lː̩]) andi Sanskrit) |
| ऍ | पॅ | candra e | |
| ऎ | पॆ | xarno e | e |
| ए | पे | e | e(ː) |
| ऐ | पै | ai | ɛ ([ai]) andi Sanskrit) |
| ऑ | पॉ | candra o | |
| ऒ | पॊ | xarno o | o |
| ओ | पो | o | o(ː) |
| औ | पौ | au | ɔ ([au] andi Sanskrit) |
[editisar] Ǎkshǎr
Ek ǎkshǎr si ekh ekhipen grafemengo so kerdivel andar zero vai ek vyǎnjǎna thai ek vai buteder svǎra. Ǎkshǎrenge misala:
- "आ" - numa ekh svǎr (zero vyǎnjǎna);
- "ओइ" - buteder svǎra (zero vyǎnjǎna);
- "सो" - ekh vyǎnjǎn thai ekh svǎr;
- "काइ" - ekh vyǎnjǎn thai buteder svǎra.
[editisar] Aver simboluya
| Simbolo le <p>-esa | Unicode nav | Labyaripen | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|
| प् | virama | Navyardo vi halant; chhinel o svǎr ǎ. | [p] |
| पँ | candra-bindu | Nakhalisarel o svǎr | [pə̃] |
| पं | anusvara | Nakhalisarel o svǎr | [pə̃] |
| पः | visarga | Del respiraciya bishunipnaski palal o svǎr | [pəh] / [pəə̥] |
| प़ | nukta | Labyardo te sikavel neve shunimata (sar misalake, ph + nukta = f) | |
| पऽ | avagraha | Labyardo te lunjisarel o svǎr | [pə:] |
[editisar] Gina
| ० | १ | २ | ३ | ४ | ५ | ६ | ७ | ८ | ९ |
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
