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Pe̍h-ōe-jī le̍k-sú - Wikipedia

Pe̍h-ōe-jī le̍k-sú

Wikipedia (chū-iû ê pek-kho-choân-su) beh kā lí kóng...

Kóng-gī ê Pe̍h-ōe-jī chì-chió ū 150-tang ê le̍k-sú.

Bo̍k-lo̍k

[siu-kái] Pe̍h-ōe-jī tī Tang-lâm-a, Hok-kiàn

19 sè-kí ê Bân-lâm-gí thoân-kàu-sū (chhin-chhiūⁿ W. H. Medhurst) chin chē tāi-seng tī Lâm-iûⁿ chiap-chhiok tio̍h kóng Hokkien ê kiâu-bîn ("hoan-kheh"). Tiong-kok chhiam Lâm-kiaⁿ Tiâu-iok liáu-āu in chiah khah ū chū-iû tī Hok-kiàn o̍ah-tōng.

1852 nî tī Ē-mn̂g chhut-pán ê Tn̂g-ōe Hoan-jī Chho·-ha̍k (唐話番字初學), sī thôan-kàu-sū Talmage ūi-tio̍h beh kà lâng iōng Lô-m̄á-jī siá Ē-mn̂g-ōe só· pian-siá--ê.

[siu-kái] Pe̍h-ōe-jī tī Tâi-oân

Pe̍h-ōe-jī tāi-iok tī 19 sè-kí, iû thôan-kàu-sū ín ji̍p Tâi-ôan.

[siu-kái] 17 sè-kí ê Tâi-oân Lâm-tó-gí-hē lô-má-jī

Lī-iōng Lô-má-jī tòng-chò su-siá hē-thóng, tī Tâi-ôan ū nn̄g-ê kai-tōaⁿ. Tē-it-ê kai-tōaⁿ sī 17 sè-kí kàu 19 sè-kí chho·-kî ê Sin-káng-bûn, che sī tī 17 sè-kí Hô-lân thóng-tī Tâi-oân ê sî, iû Hô-lân thôan-kàu-sū ín-ji̍p, iōng lâi su-siá hit-tong-sî Tâi-ôan lâm-pō Siraya pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k ê bó-gí.

Tong-kî-sî thôan-kàu ê tùi-siōng, ùi Tâi-lâm ê Sin-káng-siā khai-sí, sòa--lo̍h-lâi thui-hêng kàu Tōa-ba̍k-kàng (大目降), Ba̍k-ka-liu-oan (目加溜灣), Siau-lâng (蕭壟), kap Môa-tāu (麻豆) téng siā. Thôan-kàu-sū iōng Lô-má-jī su-siá Siraya bó-gí ê Sèng-keng, Kî-tó-bûn, kap Si̍p-kài téng-téng. Tī kong-gôan 1637 nî, ia̍h-tio̍h-sī Hô-lân-lâng lâi Tâi 13 nî liáu-āu, Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k gôan-chū-bîn í-keng ū 5400 chó-iū ê lâng ji̍p-kàu, kî-tiong Sin-káng-siā sī kok siā tiong-kan chiap-siū Ki-tok-kàu siāng chhim ê chi̍t-ê, só·-í hit-tong-sî ê Lô-má-jī hē-thóng, tī Sin-káng-siā mā sī siāng phó·-phiàn--ê, in-chhú chiah hō-chò Sin-káng-bûn, iū-koh in-ūi sī Hô-lân-lâng ín-ji̍p--ê, só·-í mā hō-chò Âng-mn̂g-jī.

Hô-lân-lâng lī-khui liáu-aū, Hàn-jîn chìn-ji̍p Tâi-ôan khai-khún. Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k-jîn kap Hàn-jîn chhiam-tèng thó·-tē bé-bē khè-iok ê sî, iû-gôan sú-iōng Sin-káng-bûn, Hàn-jī kā chit-chióng khè-iok hō-chò "hoan-á-khè", hiān-chú-sî só· pó-liû--lo̍h-lâi-ê, chha-put-to ū 150 hūn chó-iū. Kin-kì 村上直次郎 ê gián-kiù, bo̍k-chêng chai-iáⁿ siāng chá ê hoan-á-khè, sī tī 1683 nî siá--ê, siāng oàⁿ--ê sī 1813 nî, khó-kiàn tī Hô-lân-lâng lī-khui Tâi-ôan liáu-aū ê chit-pah gōa nî tiong-kan, Siraya ê Pêⁿ-po·-cho̍k iáu-koh ū lâng sú-iōng Sin-káng-bûn, tòng-chò in ê su-bīn-gí.

[siu-kái] 19 sè-kí ê Hō-ló-oē lô-má-jī

1933 nî tī Tâi-oân chhut-pán ê Ē-mn̂g-im Sin-kū-iok ê Sèng-keng
1933 nî tī Tâi-oân chhut-pán ê Ē-mn̂g-im Sin-kū-iok ê Sèng-keng

Aū--lâi, it-ti̍t kàu 19 sè-kí ê aū-pòaⁿ-kî, chiah-koh ū tōa-liōng ê thôan-kàu-sū lâi Tâi-ôan. Kâng-khoán ê tō-lí, ūi-tio̍h beh chìn-hêng thôan-kàu ê kang-chok, thôan-kàu-sū koh-chi̍t-pái ín-ji̍p Lô-má-jī, hong-piān su-siá Hō-ló-oē ê Sèng-keng ia̍h-sī kî-thāⁿ ê khan-bu̍t, chìn-hêng kàu-gī ê soan-thôan. Chit-ê sî-kî ín-ji̍p ê Lô-má-jī su-siá hē-thóng, tio̍h-sī koh-khah-chá chìn-chêng, thôan-kàu-sū tī Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái séng-hūn tn̂g-kî sú-iōng ê hē-thóng.

Tī Tâi-ôan, chit-thò Lô-má-jī ê su-siá hē-thóng, hō-chò Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( sok-siá "POJ" ), ia̍h ū lâng kā kiò-chò Kàu-hōe Lô-má-jī, kán-chheng Kàu-lô. POJ ê thui-hêng í Tiúⁿ-ló-kàu-hōe ûi-chú, iû-kî sī James L. Maxwell i-su, thui-kóng POJ chin-chiàⁿ kut-la̍t, táⁿ-phò hit-tong-sî it-poan tāi-chiòng ha̍k-si̍p Hàn-jī ê khùn-kéng kap bô-hong-piān, m̄-nā phó·-kip kàu-gī ê soan-thôan, mā hong-piān gí-giân ê kì-lo̍k.

POJ ê chheh kap khan-bu̍t, tî-liáu chhām kàu-hōe siong-koan--ê í-gōa, iah-koh ū kî-thaⁿ hong-bīn--ê, chhin-chhūⁿ tī 1917 nî, Eng-kok i-su G. Gushue-Taylor (Hàn-miâ: 戴仁壽) kap Tâi-ôan-lâng Tân Tāi-lô (Hàn-jī: 陳大鑼) ha̍p-pian ê Lāi-gōa-kho khan-hō·-ha̍k, sī Tâi-ôan tē-it pún hō·-lí-ha̍k ê kàu-kho-su;

[siu-kái] 20 sè-kí ê Tâi-oân Kheh-ōe Pe̍h-ōe-jī

1950 nî-tāi, Bí-lông Kàu-hōe ê Png Kóng-seng (Kheh-oē: Fông Kóng-sên 方廣生) bo̍k-su pian-siá Tâi-oân Lâm-pak Thóng-it Kheh-ka Pe̍h-ōe-jī Kàu-kho-su (Kheh-gí: Thòi-vân Nàm-pet Thúng-yit Hak-kâ Pha̍k-fa Sṳ Kau-khô Sû).

[siu-kái] Sú-iōng jîn-kháu

Kin-kù Tâi-lâm Hú-siâⁿ Kàu-hoē Pò 1898 nî ê tiāu-cha, hoê-hâm ê 41 ê kàu-hoē tang-tiong, bat POJ ê cha-po· ū 985 lâng, cha-bó· 509 lâng, lóng-chóng 1494 lâng. Khó-kiàn hit-tong-sî liōng-kî-iok bat POJ ê jîn-kháu chiong-kīn 2000 ê.

N̂g Tián-sêng ( 黃典誠, Ē-mn̂g Tāi-ha̍k ) 1955 nî ê thóng-kè jīn-ûi tng-sî POJ ê thoân-pò· tē-khu kap jîn-sò· sī án-ne:

Tē-khu Jîn-sò·
Hok-kiàn 34,000
Kńg-tang 1,000
Tâi-oân 32,000
Kî-thaⁿ séng-chhī 8,000
Oa̍t-lâm 2,000
Myanmar 1,500
Thài-kok 7,000
Hui-li̍p-pin 7,000
Má-lâi-a 10,000
Ìn-nî 10,000
Kî-thaⁿ kok-ka, tē-khu 3,000
Lóng-chóng 115,500

[siu-kái] Pe̍h-ōe-jī siá-hoat ê ián-piàn

Pe̍h-ōe-jī siá-hoat ê ián-piàn
IPA Doty MacGowan Douglas Warnshuis, De Pree Campbell Barclay
ɔ
ts ch ch ts ch ts ts
en ian ien ien ian ian ien
ieng eng eng eng eng eng

[siu-kái] ts/ch/chh

Chá kî ê Pe̍h-ōe-jī ū ts/ch/chh ê khu-hun.

i e a o o. u ng
-sàng-khùi ts tsa tso tso. tsu tsng
-sàng-khùi ch chi che
+sàng-khùi chh chhi chhe chha chho chho. chhu chhng

[siu-kái] Pó·-chhiong Pe̍h-oē-jī ê thê-àn

Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k gí-giân-ha̍k-hē Tiuⁿ Jū-hông kàu-siū tī Pe̍h-oē-jī Ki-pún-lūn (2001, ISBN 957-2053-07-8) chèng-sek thê-chhut POJ ke-thiⁿ kúi-ê-á sin hû-hō ê kiàn-gī.

[siu-kái] Pe̍h-oē-jī sò·-ūi-hòa ê hoat-tián

Chhiáⁿ chham-khó Tiān-náu chhú-lí Pe̍h-ōe-jī.

[siu-kái] Chèng-tī

[siu-kái] Sòaⁿ-téng chu-gôan

Static Wikipedia (no images)

aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu -

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aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu

Static Wikipedia February 2008 (no images)

aa - ab - af - ak - als - am - an - ang - ar - arc - as - ast - av - ay - az - ba - bar - bat_smg - bcl - be - be_x_old - bg - bh - bi - bm - bn - bo - bpy - br - bs - bug - bxr - ca - cbk_zam - cdo - ce - ceb - ch - cho - chr - chy - co - cr - crh - cs - csb - cu - cv - cy - da - de - diq - dsb - dv - dz - ee - el - eml - en - eo - es - et - eu - ext - fa - ff - fi - fiu_vro - fj - fo - fr - frp - fur - fy - ga - gan - gd - gl - glk - gn - got - gu - gv - ha - hak - haw - he - hi - hif - ho - hr - hsb - ht - hu - hy - hz - ia - id - ie - ig - ii - ik - ilo - io - is - it - iu - ja - jbo - jv - ka - kaa - kab - kg - ki - kj - kk - kl - km - kn - ko - kr - ks - ksh - ku - kv - kw - ky - la - lad - lb - lbe - lg - li - lij - lmo - ln - lo - lt - lv - map_bms - mdf - mg - mh - mi - mk - ml - mn - mo - mr - mt - mus - my - myv - mzn - na - nah - nap - nds - nds_nl - ne - new - ng - nl - nn - no - nov - nrm - nv - ny - oc - om - or - os - pa - pag - pam - pap - pdc - pi - pih - pl - pms - ps - pt - qu - quality - rm - rmy - rn - ro - roa_rup - roa_tara - ru - rw - sa - sah - sc - scn - sco - sd - se - sg - sh - si - simple - sk - sl - sm - sn - so - sr - srn - ss - st - stq - su - sv - sw - szl - ta - te - tet - tg - th - ti - tk - tl - tlh - tn - to - tpi - tr - ts - tt - tum - tw - ty - udm - ug - uk - ur - uz - ve - vec - vi - vls - vo - wa - war - wo - wuu - xal - xh - yi - yo - za - zea - zh - zh_classical - zh_min_nan - zh_yue - zu