35th United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 6.3 Delegates 7 Changes in membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 8.3 Other 9 Notes 10 References 11 External links

The Thirty-fifth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1857 to March 3, 1859, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President James Buchanan.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1857 - March 3, 1859

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1857 - March 14, 1857
• First session: December 7, 1857 - June 14, 1858
• Special session of the Senate: June 15, 1858 - June 16, 1858
• Second session: December 6, 1858 - March 3, 1859 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 34th Congress
Next congress: 36th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1857; Events of 1858; Events of 1859

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 35th Congress

[edit] Party summary

Minnesota and Oregon were newly admitted to the Union and first represented as states in this Congress.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic: 41 (majority)
• Republican: 20
• American: 5

TOTAL members: 66

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic: 132 (majority)
• Republican: 90
• American: 14
• Independent Democrat: 1

TOTAL members: 237

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • John C. Breckinridge, Democrat of Kentucky
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • James M. Mason, Democrat of Virginia, elected March 4, 1857
  • Thomas J. Rusk, Democrat of Texas, elected March 14, 1857
  • Benjamin Fitzpatrick, Democrat of Alabama, elected December 7, 1857

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • James L. Orr, Democrat of South Carolina, elected December 7, 1857

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 35th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 35th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1856

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1860.

Alabama

• 3. Benjamin Fitzpatrick (Dem.)
• 2. Clement C. Clay, Jr. (Dem.)

Arkansas

• 2. William K. Sebastian (Dem.)
• 3. Robert W. Johnson (Dem.)

California

• 3. William M. Gwin (Dem.)
• 1. David C. Broderick (Dem.)

Connecticut

• 3. Lafayette S. Foster (Rep.)
• 1. James Dixon (Rep.)

Delaware

• 1. James A. Bayard, Jr. (Dem.)
• 2. Martin W. Bates (Dem.)

Florida

• 1. Stephen R. Mallory (Dem.)
• 3. David L. Yulee (Dem.)

Georgia

• 2. Robert A. Toombs (Dem.)
• 3. Alfred Iverson, Sr. (Dem.)

Illinois

• 2. Stephen A. Douglas (Dem.)
• 3. Lyman Trumbull (Dem.)

Indiana

• 1. Jesse D. Bright (Dem.)
• 3. Graham N. Fitch (Dem.)

Iowa

• 2. George W. Jones (Dem.)
• 3. James Harlan (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 2. John B. Thompson (American)
• 3. John J. Crittenden (American)

Louisiana

• 2. Judah P. Benjamin (Dem.)
• 3. John Slidell (Dem.)

Maine

• 2. William P. Fessenden (Rep.)
• 1. Hannibal Hamlin (Rep.)

Maryland

• 3. James A. Pearce (Dem.)
• 1. Anthony Kennedy (American)

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner (Rep.)
• 2. Henry Wilson (Rep.)

Michigan

• 2. Charles E. Stuart (Dem.)
• 1. Zachariah Chandler (Rep.)

Minnesota

• 1. Henry Mower Rice (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated May 12, 1858.
• 2. James Shields (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated May 12, 1858.

Mississippi

• 2. Albert G. Brown (Dem.)
• 1. Jefferson Davis (Dem.)

Missouri

• 3. James S. Green (Dem.)
• 1. Trusten Polk (Dem.)

New Hampshire

• 3. James Bell (Rep.) …died May 26, 1857.

  Daniel Clark (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, June 27, 1857.

• 2. John P. Hale (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 1. John R. Thomson (Dem.)
• 2. William Wright (Dem.)

New York

• 3. William H. Seward (Rep.)
• 1. Preston King (Rep.)

North Carolina

• 2. David S. Reid (Dem.)
• 3. Asa Biggs (Dem.) …resigned May 5, 1858.

  Thomas L. Clingman (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, May 6, 1858.

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin F. Wade (Rep.)
• 3. George E. Pugh (Dem.)

Oregon

• 3. Joseph Lane (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated February 14, 1859.
• 2. Delazon Smith (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated February 14, 1859.

Pennsylvania

• 3. William Bigler (Dem.)
• 1. Simon Cameron (Rep.)

Rhode Island

• 2. Philip Allen (Dem.)
• 1. James F. Simmons (Rep.)

South Carolina

• 3. Andrew P. Butler (Dem.) …died May 25, 1857.

  James H. Hammond (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, December 7, 1857.

• 2. Josiah J. Evans (Dem.) …died May 6, 1858.

  Arthur P. Hayne (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, May 11, 1858.

  James Chesnut, Jr. (Dem.) …elecetd to fill vacancy, December 3, 1858.

Tennessee

• 2. John Bell (American)
• 1. Andrew Johnson (Dem.)

Texas

• 2. Samuel Houston (American)
• 1. Thomas J. Rusk (Dem.) …died July 29, 1857.

  J. Pinckney Henderson (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, November 9, 1857, died June 4, 1858.

  Matthias Ward (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, September 17, 1858.

Vermont

• 1. Solomon Foot (Rep.)
• 3. Jacob Collamer (Rep.)

Virginia

• 1. James M. Mason (Dem.)
• 2. Robert M.T. Hunter (Dem.)

Wisconsin

• 3. Charles Durkee (Rep.)
• 1. James R. Doolittle (Rep.)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

• 1. James A. Stallworth (Dem.)
• 2. Eli S. Shorter (Dem.)
• 3. James F. Dowdell (Dem.)
• 4. Sydenham Moore (Dem.)
• 5. George S. Houston (Dem.)
• 6. Williamson R.W. Cobb (Dem.)
• 7. Jabez L.M. Curry (Dem.)

Arkansas

• 1. Alfred B. Greenwood (Dem.)
• 2. Edward A. Warren (Dem.)

California ^[1]

• A/L. Joseph C. McKibbin (Dem.)
• A/L. Charles L. Scott (Dem.)

Connecticut

• 1. Ezra Clark, Jr. (Rep.)
• 2. Samuel Arnold (Dem.)
• 3. Sidney Dean (Rep.)
• 4. William D. Bishop (Dem.)

Delaware

• A/L. William G. Whiteley (Dem.)

Florida

• A/L. George S. Hawkins (Dem.)

Georgia

• 1. James L. Seward (Dem.)
• 2. Martin J. Crawford (Dem.)
• 3. Robert P. Trippe (American)
• 4. Lucius J. Gartrell (Dem.)
• 5. Augustus R. Wright (Dem.)
• 6. James Jackson (Dem.)
• 7. Joshua Hill (American)
• 8. Alexander H. Stephens (Dem.)

Illinois

• 1. Elihu B. Washburne (Rep.)
• 2. John F. Farnsworth (Rep.)
• 3. Owen Lovejoy (Rep.)
• 4. William Kellogg (Rep.)
• 5. Isaac N. Morris (Dem.)
• 6. Thomas L. Harris (Dem.) …died November 24, 1858.

  Charles D. Hodges (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 20, 1859.

• 7. Aaron Shaw (Dem.)
• 8. Robert Smith (Dem.)
• 9. Samuel S. Marshall (Dem.)

Indiana

• 1. James Lockhart (Dem.) …died September 7, 1857, before Congress assembled.

  William E. Niblack (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1857.

• 2. William H. English (Dem.)
• 3. James Hughes (Dem.)
• 4. James B. Foley (Dem.)
• 5. David Kilgore (Rep.)
• 6. James M. Gregg (Dem.)
• 7. John G. Davis (Dem.)
• 8. James Wilson (Rep.)
• 9. Schuyler Colfax (Rep.)
• 10. Samuel Brenton (Rep.) …died March 29, 1857, before Congress assembled.

  Charles Case (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1857.

• 11. John U. Pettit (Rep.)

Iowa

• 1. Samuel R. Curtis (Rep.)
• 2. Timothy Davis (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 1. Henry C. Burnett (Dem.)
• 2. Samuel O. Peyton (Dem.)
• 3. Warner L. Underwood (American)
• 4. Albert G. Talbott (Dem.)
• 5. Joshua H. Jewett (Dem.)
• 6. John M. Elliott (Dem.)
• 7. Humphrey Marshall (American)
• 8. James B. Clay (Dem.)
• 9. John C. Mason (Dem.)
• 10. John W. Stevenson (Dem.)

Louisiana

• 1. George Eustis Jr. (American)
• 2. Miles Taylor (Dem.)
• 3. Thomas G. Davidson (Dem.)
• 4. John M. Sandidge (Dem.)

Maine

• 1. John M. Wood (Rep.)
• 2. Charles J. Gilman (Rep.)
• 3. Nehemiah Abbott (Rep.)
• 4. Freeman H. Morse (Rep.)
• 5. Israel Washburn Jr. (Rep.)
• 6. Stephen C. Foster (Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. James A. Stewart (Dem.)
• 2. James B. Ricaud (American)
• 3. James M. Harris (American)
• 4. Henry W. Davis (American)
• 5. Jacob M. Kunkel (Dem.)
• 6. Thomas F. Bowie (Dem.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Robert B. Hall (Rep.)
• 2. James Buffinton (Rep.)
• 3. William S. Damrell (Rep.)
• 4. Linus B. Comins (Rep.)
• 5. Anson Burlingame (Rep.)
• 6. Timothy Davis (Rep.)
• 7. Nathaniel P. Banks (Rep.) …resigned December 24, 1857.

  Daniel W. Gooch (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 21, 1858.

• 8. Chauncey L. Knapp (Rep.)
• 9. Eli Thayer (Rep.)
• 10. Calvin C. Chaffee (Rep.)
• 11. Henry L. Dawes (Rep.)

Michigan

• 1. William A. Howard (Rep.)
• 2. Henry Waldron (Rep.)
• 3. David S. Walbridge (Rep.)
• 4. De Witt C. Leach (Rep.)

Minnesota ^[2]

• A/L. James M. Cavanaugh (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated May 22, 1858.
• A/L. William Wallace Phelps (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated May 22, 1858.

Mississippi

• 1. Lucius Q.C. Lamar (Dem.)
• 2. Reuben Davis (Dem.)
• 3. William Barksdale (Dem.)
• 4. Otho R. Singleton (Dem.)
• 5. John A. Quitman (Dem.) …died July 17, 1858.

  John J. McRae (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1858.

Missouri

• 1. Francis P. Blair Jr. (Independent Dem.)
• 2. Thomas L. Anderson (American)
• 3. James S. Green (Dem.) …resigned before Congress assembled.

  John B. Clark (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1857.

• 4. James Craig (Dem.)
• 5. Samuel H. Woodson (American)
• 6. John S. Phelps (Dem.)
• 7. Samuel Caruthers (Dem.)

New Hampshire

• 1. James Pike (Rep.)
• 2. Mason W. Tappan (Rep.)
• 3. Aaron H. Cragin (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 1. Isaiah D. Clawson (Rep.)
• 2. George R. Robbins (Rep.)
• 3. Garnett B. Adrain (Dem.)
• 4. John Huyler (Dem.)
• 5. Jacob R. Wortendyke (Dem.)

New York

• 1. John A. Searing (Dem.)
• 2. George Taylor (Dem.)
• 3. Daniel E. Sickles (Dem.)
• 4. John Kelly (Dem.) …resigned December 25, 1858.

  Thomas J. Barr (Independent Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 17, 1859.

• 5. William B. Maclay (Dem.)
• 6. John Cochrane (Dem.)
• 7. Elijah Ward (Dem.)
• 8. Horace F. Clark (Dem.)
• 9. John B. Haskin (Dem.)
• 10. Ambrose S. Murray (Rep.)
• 11. William F. Russell (Dem.)
• 12. John Thompson (Rep.)
• 13. Abram B. Olin (Rep.)
• 14. Erastus Corning (Dem.)
• 15. Edward Dodd (Rep.)
• 16. George W. Palmer (Rep.)
• 17. Francis E. Spinner (Rep.)
• 18. Clark B. Cochrane (Rep.)
• 19. Oliver A. Morse (Rep.)
• 20. Orsamus B. Matteson (Rep.)
• 21. Henry Bennett (Rep.)
• 22. Henry C. Goodwin (Rep.)
• 23. Charles B. Hoard (Rep.)
• 24. Amos P. Granger (Rep.)
• 25. Edwin B. Morgan (Rep.)
• 26. Emory B. Pottle (Rep.)
• 27. John M. Parker (Rep.)
• 28. William H. Kelsey (Rep.)
• 29. Samuel G. Andrews (Rep.)
• 30. Judson W. Sherman (Rep.)
• 31. Silas M. Burroughs (Rep.)
• 32. Israel T. Hatch (Dem.)
• 33. Reuben E. Fenton (Rep.)

North Carolina

• 1. Henry M. Shaw (Dem.)
• 2. Thomas Ruffin (Dem.)
• 3. Warren Winslow (Dem.)
• 4. Lawrence O. Branch (Dem.)
• 5. John A. Gilmer (American)
• 6. Alfred M. Scales (Dem.)
• 7. Francis B. Craige (Dem.)
• 7. Thomas L. Clingman (Dem.) …resigned May 7, 1858.

  Zebulon B. Vance (American) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1858.

Ohio

• 1. George H. Pendleton (Dem.)
• 2. William S. Groesbeck (Dem.)
• 3. Lewis D. Campbell (Rep.) …contested election, served until May 25, 1858.

  Clement L. Vallandigham (Dem.) …contested election, seated May 25, 1858.

• 4. Matthias H. Nichols (Rep.)
• 5. Richard Mott (Rep.)
• 6. Joseph R. Cockerill (Dem.)
• 7. Aaron Harlan (Rep.)
• 8. Benjamin Stanton (Rep.)
• 9. Lawrence W. Hall (Dem.)
• 10. Joseph Miller (Dem.)
• 11. Valentine B. Horton (Rep.)
• 12. Samuel S. Cox (Dem.)
• 13. John Sherman (Rep.)
• 14. Philemon Bliss (Rep.)
• 15. Joseph Burns (Dem.)
• 16. Cydnor B. Tompkins (Rep.)
• 17. William Lawrence (Dem.)
• 18. Benjamin F. Leiter (Rep.)
• 19. Edward Wade (Rep.)
• 20. Joshua R. Giddings (Rep.)
• 21. John A. Bingham (Rep.)

Oregon

• A/L. La Fayette Grover (Dem.) …newly admitted state, seated October 30, 1858.

Pennsylvania

• 1. Thomas B. Florence (Dem.)
• 2. Edward J. Morris (Rep.)
• 3. James Landy (Dem.)
• 4. Henry M. Phillips (Dem.)
• 5. Owen Jones (Dem.)
• 6. John Hickman (Dem.)
• 7. Henry Chapman (Dem.)
• 8. Jehu G. Jones (Dem.) …resigned October 30, 1858.

  William H. Keim (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1858.

• 9. Anthony E. Roberts (Rep.)
• 10. John C. Kunkel (Rep.)
• 11. William L. Dewart (Dem.)
• 12. John G. Montgomery (Dem.) …died April 24, 1857, before Congress assembled.

  Paul Leidy (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1857.

• 13. William H. Dimmick (Dem.)
• 14. Galusha A. Grow (Rep.)
• 15. Allison White (Dem.)
• 16. John A. Ahl (Dem.)
• 17. Wilson Reilly (Dem.)
• 18. John R. Edie (Rep.)
• 19. John Covode (Rep.)
• 20. William Montgomery (Dem.)
• 21. David Ritchie (Rep.)
• 22. Samuel A. Purviance (Rep.)
• 23. William Stewart (Rep.)
• 24. James L. Gillis (Dem.)
• 25. John Dick (Rep.)

Rhode Island

• 1. Nathaniel B. Durfee (Rep.)
• 2. William D. Brayton (Rep.)

South Carolina

• 1. John McQueen (Dem.)
• 2. William P. Miles (Dem.)
• 3. Laurence M. Keitt (Dem.)
• 4. Milledge L. Bonham (Dem.)
• 5. James L. Orr (Dem.)
• 6. William W. Boyce (Dem.)

Tennessee

• 1. Albert G. Watkins (Dem.)
• 2. Horace Maynard (American)
• 3. Samuel A. Smith (Dem.)
• 4. John H. Savage (Dem.)
• 5. Charles Ready (American)
• 6. George W. Jones (Dem.)
• 7. John V. Wright (Dem.)
• 8. Felix K. Zollicoffer (American)
• 9. John D.C. Atkins (Dem.)
• 10. William T. Avery (Dem.)

Texas

• 1. John H. Reagan (Dem.)
• 2. Guy M. Bryan (Dem.)

Vermont

• 1. Eliakim P. Walton (Rep.)
• 2. Justin S. Morrill (Rep.)
• 3. Homer E. Royce (Rep.)

Virginia

• 1. Muscoe R.H. Garnett (Dem.)
• 2. John S. Millson (Dem.)
• 3. John Caskie (Dem.)
• 4. William Goode (Dem.)
• 5. Thomas S. Bocock (Dem.)
• 6. Paulus Powell (Dem.)
• 7. William Smith (Dem.)
• 8. Charles J. Faulkner (Dem.)
• 9. John Letcher (Dem.)
• 10. Sherrard Clemens (Dem.)
• 11. Albert G. Jenkins (Dem.)
• 12. Henry A. Edmundson (Dem.)
• 13. George W. Hopkins (Dem.)

Wisconsin

• 1. John F. Potter (Rep.)
• 2. Cadwallader C. Washburn (Rep.)
• 3. Charles Billinghurst (Rep.)

[edit] Delegates

Kansas Territory

• A/L. Marcus J. Parrott (Rep.)

Minnesota Territory

• A/L. William W. Kingsbury (Dem.) …newly admitted state, served until May 11, 1858.

Nebraska Territory

• A/L. Fenner Ferguson (Dem.)

New Mexico Territory

• A/L. Miguel A. Otero (Dem.)

Oregon Territory

• A/L. Joseph Lane (Dem.) …newly admitted state, served until February 14, 1859.

Utah Territory

• A/L. John M. Bernhisel

Washington Territory

• A/L. Isaac I. Stevens (Dem.)

[edit] Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

See also: 35th United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 5
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Whig: no net change
  • Republican: no net change
  • American: no net change

• deaths: 4
• resignations: 1
• interim appointments: 2
• seats of newly admitted states: 4
• Total seats with changes: 9

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 10
  • Democratic: 3 seat net loss
  • Whig: 3 seat net gain
  • Republican: 1 seat net gain
  • American: 1 seat net gain
  • Independent Democratic: 1 seat net gain

• deaths: 5
• resignations: 6
• contested election:1
• seats of newly admitted states: 3

• Total seats with changes: 14

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • Asbury Dickens of North Carolina elected December 12, 1836
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • Dunning R. McNair of Pennsylvania, elected March 17, 1853
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. Stephen P. Hill, Baptist, elected December 8, 1856

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • James C. Allen of Illinois elected December 7, 1857
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Adam J. Glossbrenner of Pennsylvania, elected December 7, 1857
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Robert B. Hackney of Virginia, elected December 7, 1857
• Postmaster of the House:
  • Michael W. Cluskey, elected December 7, 1857
• Messenger to the Speaker:
  • Thaddeus Morrice
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. William H. Milburn Methodist, elected December 5, 1853

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Thomas U. Walter, appointed June 11, 1851

[edit] Notes

1. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
2. ^ all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

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