39th United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Party Leadership 6.1 House of Representatives 7 Members 7.1 Senate 7.2 Senate 7.3 House of Representatives 7.4 Delegates 8 Changes in membership 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 9 Officers 9.1 Senate 9.2 House of Representatives 9.3 Other 10 References 11 External links

The Thirty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1865 to March 3, 1867, during the second administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, and the first two years of the administration of his successor, U.S. President Andrew Johnson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1865 - March 3, 1867

• Special session of the Senate: March 4, 1865 – March 11, 1865
• First session: December 4, 1865 - July 28, 1866
• Second session: December 3, 1866 - March 3, 1867 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 38th Congress
Next congress: 40th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1865; Events of 1866; Events of 1867

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 39th Congress

[edit] Party summary

Nebraska was newly admitted to the Union and first represented as states in this Congress. Tennessee was readmitted to representation.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic: 11
• Republican: 39 (majority)
• Unconditional Unionist: 3
• Unionist: 1

TOTAL members: 54

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic: 38
• Republican: 136 (majority)
• Independent Republican: 1
• Unconditional Unionist: 13
• Unionist: 5

TOTAL members: 193

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, succeeded to the Presidency April 15, 1865, vacant thereafter.
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Lafayette S. Foster, Republican of Connecticut, elected May 7, 1865.
  • Benjamin F. Wade, Republican of Ohio, elected March 2, 1867.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Schuyler Colfax, Republican of Indiana, reelected December 4, 1865.

[edit] Party Leadership

[edit] House of Representatives

• Republican Conference Chairman:
  • Justin S. Morrill of Vermont

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 39th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 39th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1864

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.

[edit] Senate

Alabama

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Arkansas

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

California

• 3. James A. McDougall (Dem.)
• 1. John Conness (Rep.)

Connecticut

• 3. Lafayette S. Foster (Rep.)
• 1. James Dixon (Rep.)

Delaware

• 2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (Dem.)
• 1. George R. Riddle (Dem.)

Florida

• 1. vacant
• 3. vacant

Georgia

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Illinois

• 3. Lyman Trumbull (Rep.)
• 2. Richard Yates (Rep.)

Indiana

• 3. Henry S. Lane (Rep.)
• 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.)

Iowa

• 3. James Harlan (Rep.) ...resigned May 15, 1865.

  Samuel J. Kirkwood (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated January 24, 1866.

• 2. James W. Grimes (Rep.)

Kansas

• 2. James H. Lane (Rep.) ...died July 11, 1866.

  Edmund G. Ross (Rep.) ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated July 25, 1866, subsequently elected.

• 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 3. Garrett Davis (Dem.)
• 2. James Guthrie (Dem.)

Louisiana

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Maine

• 1. Lot M. Morrill (Rep.)
• 2. William Pitt Fessenden (Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. Reverdy Johnson (Dem.)
• 3. John A.J. Creswell (Unconditional Unionist) ...resigned January 29, 1867.

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner (Rep.)
• 2. Henry Wilson (Rep.)

Michigan

• 1. Zachariah Chandler (Rep.)
• 2. Jacob M. Howard (Rep.)

Minnesota

• 1. Alexander Ramsey (Rep.)
• 2. Daniel S. Norton (Rep.)

Mississippi

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

Missouri

• 1. John B. Henderson (Rep.)
• 3. B. Gratz Brown (Rep.)

Nebraska

• 2. John M. Thayer (Rep.) ...new state, seated March 4, 1867, in the next Congress.
• 1. Thomas W. Tipton (Rep.) ...new state, seated March 4, 1867, in the next Congress.

Nevada

• 1. William M. Stewart (Rep.)
• 3. James W. Nye (Rep.)

New Hampshire

• 3. Daniel Clark (Rep.) ...resigned July 27, 1865.

  George G. Fogg (Rep.) ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 2. Aaron H. Cragin (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 1. William Wright (Dem.) ...died November 1, 1866.

  Alexander G. Cattell (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 2. John P. Stockton (Dem.) ...contested election, served until March 27, 1866, when his seat was declared vacant.

  Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (Rep.) ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866, subsequently elected.

New York

• 3. Ira Harris (Rep.)
• 1. Edwin D. Morgan (Rep.)

North Carolina

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin F. Wade (Rep.)
• 3. John Sherman (Rep.)

Oregon

• 3. James W. Nesmith (Dem.)
• 2. George H. Williams (Rep.)

Pennsylvania

• 3. Edgar Cowan (Rep.)
• 1. Charles R. Buckalew (Dem.)

Rhode Island

• 2. Henry B. Anthony (Rep.)
• 1. William Sprague (Rep.)

South Carolina

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Tennessee

• 2. Joseph S. Fowler (Unconditional Unionist) ...state readmitted, seated July 25, 1866.
• 1. David T. Patterson (Unionist) ...state readmitted, seated July 28, 1866.

Texas

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

Vermont

• 1. Solomon Foot (Rep.) ...died March 28, 1866.

  George F. Edmunds (Rep.) ...died November 9, 1865.

• 3. Jacob Collamer (Rep.)

  Luke P. Poland (Rep.) ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1865.

Virginia

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

West Virginia

• 1. Peter G. Van Wickle (Unconditional Unionist)
• 2. Waitman T. Willey (Rep.)

Wisconsin

• 1. James R. Doolittle (Rep.)
• 3. Timothy O. Howe (Rep.)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

California

• 1. Donald C. McRuer (Rep.)
• 2. William Higby (Rep.)
• 3. John Bidwell (Rep.)

Connecticut

• 1. Henry C. Deming (Rep.)
• 2. Samuel L. Warner (Rep.)
• 3. Augustus Brandegee (Rep.)
• 4. John H. Hubbard (Rep.)

Delaware

• A/L. John A. Nicholson (Dem.)

Illinois

• 1. John Wentworth (Rep.)
• 2. John F. Farnsworth (Rep.)
• 3. Elihu B. Washburne (Rep.)
• 4. Abner C. Harding (Rep.)
• 5. Ebon C. Ingersoll (Rep.)
• 6. Burton C. Cook (Rep.)
• 7. Henry P.H. Bromwell (Rep.)
• 8. Shelby M. Cullom (Rep.)
• 9. Lewis W. Ross (Dem.)
• 10. Anthony Thornton (Dem.)
• 11. Samuel S. Marshall (Dem.)
• 12. Jehu Baker (Rep.)
• 13. Andrew J. Kuykendall (Rep.)
• A/L. Samuel W. Moulton (Rep.)

Indiana

• 1. William E. Niblack (Dem.)
• 2. Michael C. Kerr (Dem.)
• 3. Ralph Hill (Rep.)
• 4. John H. Farquhar (Rep.)
• 5. George W. Julian (Rep.)
• 6. Ebenezer Dumont (Rep.)
• 7. Daniel W. Voorhees (Dem.) …contested election, served until February 23, 1866.

  Henry D. Washburn (Rep.) ...contested election, seated February 23, 1866.

• 8. Godlove S. Orth (Rep.)
• 9. Schuyler Colfax (Rep.)
• 10. Joseph H. Defrees (Rep.)
• 11. Thomas N. Stilwell (Rep.)

Iowa

• 1. James F. Wilson (Rep.)
• 2. Hiram Price (Rep.)
• 3. William B. Allison (Rep.)
• 4. Josiah B. Grinnell ]] (Rep.)
• 5. John A. Kasson (Rep.)
• 6. Asahel W. Hubbard (Rep.)

Kansas

• A/L. Sidney Clarke (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 1. Lawrence S. Trimble (Dem.)
• 2. Burwell C. Ritter (Dem.)
• 3. Henry Grider (Dem.) ...died September 14, 1866.

  Elijah Hise (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 4. Aaron Harding (Dem.)
• 5. Lovell H. Rousseau (Unconditional Unionist) ...resigned July 21, 1866, subsequently reelected, seated December 3, 1866.
• 6. Green C. Smith (Unconditional Unionist) ...resigned July, 1866.

  Andrew H. Ward (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 7. George S. Shanklin (Dem.)
• 8. William H. Randall (Unconditional Unionist)
• 9. Samuel McKee (Unconditional Unionist)

Maine

• 1. John Lynch (Rep.)
• 2. Sidney Perham (Rep.)
• 3. James G. Blaine (Rep.)
• 4. John H. Rice (Rep.)
• 5. Frederick A. Pike (Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. Hiram McCullough (Dem.)
• 2. Edwin H. Webster (Unconditional Unionist) ...resigned July 1865, before Congress assembled.

  John L. Thomas, Jr. (Unconditional Unionist) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1865.

• 3. Charles E. Phelps (Unconditional Unionist)
• 4. Francis Thomas (Unconditional Unionist)
• 5. Benjamin G. Harris (Dem.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Thomas D. Eliot (Rep.)
• 2. Oakes Ames (Rep.)
• 3. Alexander H. Rice (Rep.)
• 4. Samuel Hooper (Rep.)
• 5. John B. Alley (Rep.)
• 6. Daniel W. Gooch (Rep.) ...resigned September 1, 1865, before Congress assembled.

  Nathaniel P. Banks (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1865.

• 7. George S. Boutwell (Rep.)
• 8. John D. Baldwin (Rep.)
• 9. William B. Washburn (Rep.)
• 10. Henry L. Dawes (Rep.)

Michigan

• 1. Fernando C. Beaman (Rep.)
• 2. Charles Upson (Rep.)
• 3. John W. Longyear (Rep.)
• 4. Thomas W. Ferry (Rep.)
• 5. Rowland E. Trowbridge (Rep.)
• 6. John F. Driggs (Rep.)

Minnesota

• 1. William Windom (Rep.)
• 2. Ignatius L. Donnelly (Rep.)

Missouri

• 1. John Hogan (Dem.)
• 2. Henry T. Blow (Rep.)
• 3. Thomas E. Noell (Rep.)
• 4. John R. Kelso (Independent Radical)
• 5. Joseph W. McClurg (Rep.)
• 6. Robert T. Van Horn (Rep.)
• 7. Benjamin F. Loan (Rep.)
• 8. John F. Benjamin (Rep.)
• 9. George W. Anderson (Rep.)

Nebraska

• A/L. Turner M. Marquette (Rep.) ...new state, seated March 2, 1867.

Nevada

• A/L. Delos R. Ashley (Rep.)

New Hampshire

• 1. Gilman Marston (Rep.)
• 2. Edward H. Rollins (Rep.)
• 3. James W. Patterson (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 1. John F. Starr (Rep.)
• 2. William A. Newell (Rep.)
• 3. Charles Sitgreaves (Dem.)
• 4. Andrew J. Rogers (Dem.)
• 5. Edwin R.V. Wright (Dem.)

New York

• 1. Stephen Taber (Dem.)
• 2. Teunis G. Bergen (Dem.)
• 3. James Humphrey (Rep.) ...died June 16, 1866.

  John W. Hunter (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1866.

• 4. Morgan Jones (Dem.)
• 5. Nelson Taylor (Dem.)
• 6. Henry J. Raymond (Rep.)
• 7. John W. Chanler (Dem.)
• 8. James Brooks (Dem.) …contested election, served until April 7, 1866.

  William E. Dodge (Rep.) ...contested election, seated April 7, 1866.

• 9. William A. Darling (Rep.)
• 10. William Radford (Dem.)
• 11. Charles H. Winfield (Dem.)
• 12. John H. Ketcham (Rep.)
• 13. Edwin N. Hubbell (Dem.)
• 14. Charles Goodyear (Dem.)
• 15. John A. Griswold (Rep.)
• 16. Orlando Kellogg (Rep.) ...died August 24, 1865.

  Robert S. Hale (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1866.

• 17. Calvin T. Hulburd (Rep.)
• 18. James M. Marvin (Rep.)
• 19. Demas Hubbard, Jr. (Rep.)
• 20. Addison H. Laflin (Rep.)
• 21. Roscoe Conkling (Rep.) ...resigned March 4, 1867.
• 22. Sidney T. Holmes (Rep.)
• 23. Thomas T. Davis (Rep.)
• 24. Theodore M. Pomeroy (Rep.)
• 25. Daniel Morris (Rep.)
• 26. Giles W. Hotchkiss (Rep.)
• 27. Hamilton Ward (Rep.)
• 28. Roswell Hart (Rep.)
• 29. Burt Van Horn (Rep.)
• 30. James M. Humphrey (Dem.)
• 31. Henry H. Van Aernam (Rep.)

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Eggleston (Rep.)
• 2. Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep.)
• 3. Robert C. Schenck (Rep.)
• 4. William Lawrence (Rep.)
• 5. Francis C. Le Blond (Dem.)
• 6. Reader W. Clarke (Rep.)
• 7. Samuel Shellabarger (Rep.)
• 8. James R. Hubbell (Rep.)
• 9. Ralph P. Buckland (Rep.)
• 10. James M. Ashley (Rep.)
• 11. Hezekiah S. Bundy (Rep.)
• 12. William E. Finck (Dem.)
• 13. Columbus Delano (Rep.)
• 14. Martin Welker (Rep.)
• 15. Tobias A. Plants (Rep.)
• 16. John A. Bingham (Rep.)
• 17. Ephraim R. Eckley (Rep.)
• 18. Rufus P. Spalding (Rep.)
• 19. James A. Garfield (Rep.)

Oregon

• A/L. James H.D. Henderson (Rep.)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Samuel J. Randall (Dem.)
• 2. Charles O'Neill (Rep.)
• 3. Leonard Myers (Rep.)
• 4. William D. Kelley (Rep.)
• 5. M. Russell Thayer (Rep.)
• 6. Benjamin M. Boyer (Dem.)
• 7. John M. Broomall (Rep.)
• 8. Sydenham E. Ancona (Dem.)
• 9. Thaddeus Stevens (Rep.)
• 10. Myer Strouse (Dem.)
• 11. Philip Johnson (Dem.) ...died January 29, 1867.
• 12. Charles Denison (Dem.)
• 13. Ulysses Mercur (Rep.)
• 14. George F. Miller (Rep.)
• 15. Adam J. Glossbrenner (Dem.)
• 16. Alexander H. Coffroth (Dem.) …contested election, served until July 18, 1866.

  William H. Koontz (Rep.) ...contested election, seated July 18, 1866.

• 17. Abraham A. Barker (Rep.)
• 18. Stephen F. Wilson (Rep.)
• 19. Glenni W. Scofield (Rep.)
• 20. Charles V. Culver (Rep.)
• 21. John L. Dawson (Dem.)
• 22. James K. Moorhead (Rep.)
• 23. Thomas Williams (Rep.)
• 24. George V.E. Lawrence (Rep.)

Rhode Island

• 1. Thomas A. Jenckes (Rep.)
• 2. Nathan F. Dixon (Rep.)

Tennessee

• 1. Nathaniel G. Taylor (Unionist) ...readmitted state, seated July 24, 1866.
• 2. Horace Maynard (Unconditional Unionist) ...readmitted state, seated July 24, 1866.
• 3. William B. Stokes (Unconditional Unionist) ...readmitted state, seated July 24, 1866.
• 4. Edmund Cooper (Unionist) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1866.
• 5. William B. Campbell (Unionist) ...readmitted state, seated December 3, 1866.
• 6. Samuel M. Arnell (Unconditional Unionist) ...readmitted state, seated December 3, 1866.
• 7. Isaac R. Hawkins (Unionist) ...readmitted state, seated December 3, 1866.
• 8. John W. Leftwich (Unionist) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1866.

Vermont

• 1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (Rep.)
• 2. Justin S. Morrill (Rep.)
• 3. Portus Baxter (Rep.)

West Virginia

• 1. Chester D. Hubbard (Unconditional Unionist)
• 2. George R. Latham (Unconditional Unionist)
• 3. Kellian Whaley (Unconditional Unionist)

Wisconsin

• 1. Halbert E. Paine (Rep.)
• 2. Ithamar C. Sloan (Rep.)
• 3. Amasa Cobb (Rep.)
• 4. Charles A. Eldredge (Dem.)
• 5. Philetus Sawyer (Rep.)
• 6. Walter D. McIndoe (Rep.)

[edit] Delegates

Arizona Territory

• A/L. John N. Goodwin (Rep.)

Colorado Territory

• A/L. Allen A. Bradford (Rep.)

Dakota Territory

• A/L. Walter A. Burleigh (Rep.)

Idaho Territory

• A/L. Edward D. Holbrook (Dem.)

Montana Territory

• A/L. Samuel McLean (Dem.)

Nebraska Territory

• A/L. Phineas W. Hitchcock (Rep.) ...admitted as a state, March 1, 1867.

New Mexico Territory

• A/L. J. Francisco Chaves (Rep.)

Utah Territory

• A/L. William H. Hooper (Dem.)

Washington Territory

• A/L. Arthur A. Denny (Rep.)

[edit] Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

See also: 39th United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 7
  • Democratic: 2 seat net loss
  • Republican: 2 seat net gain

• deaths:
• resignations:
• vacancy:
• Total seats with changes:

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 6
  • Democratic: 2 seat net gain
  • Republican: 1 seat net loss
  • Unconditional Unionist: 1 seat net loss

• deaths:
• resignations:
• contested election:
• Total seats with changes:

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • John W. Forney of Pennsylvania elected July 15, 1861
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • George T. Brown of Illinois, elected July 6, 1861
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. Edgar H. Gray ’’Baptist’’, elected March 9, 1865

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected December 4, 1865
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected December 4, 1865
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Ira Goodnow of New York, elected December 4, 1865
• Postmaster of the House:
  • Joshua Given of Ohio, elected December 4, 1865
• Messenger to the Speaker:
  • William D. Todd
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. Charles B. Boynton Congregationalist, elected December 4, 1865

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Thomas U. Walter, appointed June 11, 1851, resigned May 26, 1865
  • Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

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