40th United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major legislation 3 Major events 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 6.3 Delegates 7 Changes in membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 8.3 Other 9 References 10 External links

The Fortieth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1867 to March 3, 1869, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President Andrew Johnson.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1867 - March 3, 1869

• Special session of the Senate: April 1, 1867 – April 20, 1867
• First session: March 4, 1867 – December 1, 1867
• Second session: December 2, 1867 - November 10, 1868
• Third session: December 7, 1868 - March 3, 1869 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 39th Congress
Next congress: 41st Congress

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 40th Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1867; Events of 1868; Events of 1869

[edit] Party summary

Arkansas, Florida, Alabama, North Carolina, Louisiana, and South Carolina were readmitted to representation in this Congress.

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic: 9
• Republican: 57 (majority)
• vacant: 2

TOTAL members: 68

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic: 47
• Republican: 173 (majority)
• Conservative Republican: 1
• Conservative (Virginia): 2
• Independent Republican: 1
• vacant: 2

TOTAL members: 226

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • vacant
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Benjamin F. Wade, Republican of Ohio, elected March 4, 1867.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • Schuyler Colfax, Republican of Indiana, reelected March 4, 1867.
  • Theodore M. Pomeroy, Republican of New York, elected March 3, 1869.

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 40th United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 40th United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1866

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1868; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1870; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1872.

Alabama

• 3. George E. Spencer (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.
• 2. Willard Warner (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.

Arkansas

• 2. Alexander McDonald (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated June 23, 1868.
• 3. Benjamin F. Rice (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated June 23, 1868.

California

• 1. John Conness (Rep.)
• 3. Cornelius Cole (Rep.)

Connecticut

• 1. James Dixon (Rep.)
• 3. Orris S. Ferry (Rep.)

Delaware

• 2. Willard Saulsbury, Sr. (Dem.)
• 1. George R. Riddle (Dem.) ...died March 29, 1867.

  James A. Bayard, Jr. (Dem.) ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated April 11, 1867, subsequently elected.

Florida

• 3. Thomas W. Osborn (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated June 25, 1868.
• 1. Adonijah S. Welch (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 2, 1868.

Georgia

• 2. vacant
• 3. vacant

Illinois

• 3. Lyman Trumbull (Rep.)
• 2. Richard Yates (Rep.)

Indiana

• 1. Thomas A. Hendricks (Dem.)
• 3. Oliver P. Morton (Rep.)

Iowa

• 2. James W. Grimes (Rep.)
• 3. James Harlan (Rep.)

Kansas

• 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (Rep.)
• 2. Edmund G. Ross (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 3. Garrett Davis (Dem.)
• 2. James Guthrie (Dem.) …resigned February 7, 1868.

  Thomas C. McCreery (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 28, 1868.

Louisiana

• 2. John S. Harris (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 17, 1868.
• 3. William Pitt Kellogg (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 17, 1868.

Maine

• 1. Lot M. Morrill (Rep.)
• 2. William Pitt Fessenden (Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. Reverdy Johnson (Dem.) ...resigned July 10, 1868.

  William Pinkney Whyte (Dem.) ...appointed to fill vacancy, seated July 14, 1868.

• 3. George Vickers (Dem.) ...seated March 9, 1868.

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner (Rep.)
• 2. Henry Wilson (Rep.)

Michigan

• 1. Zachariah Chandler (Rep.)
• 2. Jacob M. Howard (Rep.)

Minnesota

• 1. Alexander Ramsey (Rep.)
• 2. Daniel S. Norton (Rep.)

Mississippi

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

Missouri

• 1. John B. Henderson (Rep.)
• 3. Charles D. Drake (Rep.)

Nebraska

• 2. John M. Thayer (Rep.) ...new state, seated March 4, 1867.
• 1. Thomas W. Tipton (Rep.) ...new state, seated March 4, 1867.

Nevada

• 1. William M. Stewart (Rep.)
• 3. James W. Nye (Rep.)

New Hampshire

• 2. Aaron H. Cragin (Rep.)
• 3. James W. Patterson (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 2. Alexander G. Cattell (Rep.)
• 1. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (Rep.)

New York

• 1. Edwin D. Morgan (Rep.)
• 3. Roscoe Conkling (Rep.)

North Carolina

• 3. John Pool (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 17, 1868.
• 2. Joseph C. Abbott (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 17, 1868.

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin F. Wade (Rep.)
• 3. John Sherman (Rep.)

Oregon

• 2. George H. Williams (Rep.)
• 3. Henry W. Corbett (Rep.)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Charles R. Buckalew (Dem.)
• 3. Simon Cameron (Rep.)

Rhode Island

• 2. Henry B. Anthony (Rep.)
• 1. William Sprague (Rep.)

South Carolina

• 2. Thomas J. Robertson (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 20, 1868.
• 3. Frederick A. Sawyer (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 22, 1868.

Tennessee

• 2. Joseph S. Fowler (Rep.)
• 1. David T. Patterson (Dem.)

Texas

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

Vermont

• 1. George F. Edmunds (Rep.)
• 3. Justin S. Morrill (Rep.)

Virginia

• 1. vacant
• 2. vacant

West Virginia

• 1. Peter G. Van Winkle (Rep.)
• 2. Waitman T. Willey (Rep.)

Wisconsin

• 1. James R. Doolittle (Rep.)
• 3. Timothy O. Howe (Rep.)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

• 1. Francis W. Kellogg (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 22, 1868.
• 2. Charles W. Buckley (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 21, 1868.
• 3. Benjamin W. Norris (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 21, 1868.
• 4. Charles W. Pierce (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 21, 1868.
• 5. John B. Callis (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 21, 1868.
• 6. Thomas Haughey (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 21, 1868.

Arkansas

• 1. Logan H. Roots (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated June 24, 1868.
• 2. James Hinds (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated June 24, 1868, died October 22, 1868.

  James T. Elliott (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated January 13, 1869.

• 3. Thomas Boles (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated June 24, 1868.

California

• 1. Samuel B. Axtell (Dem.) ...seated November 21, 1867.
• 2. William Higby (Rep.) ...seated November 21, 1867.
• 3. James A. Johnson (Dem.) ...seated November 21, 1867.

Connecticut

• 1. Richard D. Hubbard (Dem.)
• 2. Julius Hotchkiss (Dem.)
• 3. Henry H. Starkweather (Rep.)
• 4. William H. Barnum (Dem.)

Delaware

• A/L. John A. Nicholson (Dem.)

Florida

• A/L. Charles M. Hamilton (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 1, 1868.

Georgia

• 1. Joseph W. Clift (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.
• 2. Nelson Tift (Dem.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.
• 3. W.P. Edwards (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.
• 4. Samuel F. Gove (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.
• 5. C.H. Prince (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.
• 6. vacant …contested election, no one seated.
• 7. Pierce M.B. Young (Dem.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.

Illinois

• 1. Norman B. Judd (Rep.)
• 2. John F. Farnsworth (Rep.)
• 3. Elihu B. Washburne (Rep.)
• 4. Abner C. Harding (Rep.)
• 5. Ebon C. Ingersoll (Rep.)
• 6. Burton C. Cook (Rep.)
• 7. Henry P.H. Bromwell (Rep.)
• 8. Shelby M. Cullom (Rep.)
• 9. Lewis W. Ross (Dem.)
• 10. Albert G. Burr (Dem.)
• 11. Samuel S. Marshall (Dem.)
• 12. Jehu Baker (Rep.)
• 13. Green B. Raum (Rep.)
• A/L. John A. Logan (Rep.)

Indiana

• 1. William E. Niblack (Dem.)
• 2. Michael C. Kerr (Dem.)
• 3. Morton C. Hunter (Rep.)
• 4. William S. Holman (Dem.)
• 5. George W. Julian (Rep.)
• 6. John Coburn (Rep.)
• 7. Henry D. Washburn (Rep.)
• 8. Godlove S. Orth (Rep.)
• 9. Schuyler Colfax (Rep.)
• 10. William Williams (Rep.)
• 11. John P.C. Shanks (Rep.)

Iowa

• 1. James F. Wilson (Rep.)
• 2. Hiram Price (Rep.)
• 3. William B. Allison (Rep.)
• 4. William Loughridge (Rep.)
• 5. Grenville M. Dodge (Rep.)
• 6. Asahel W. Hubbard (Rep.)

Kansas

• A/L. Sidney Clarke (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 1. Lawrence S. Trimble (Dem.) ...contested election, seated January 10, 1868.
• 2. vacant …contested election, no one seated.
• 3. Elijah Hise (Dem.) ...died May 8, 1867, never having qualified.

  Jacob S. Golladay (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 5, 1867.

• 4. J. Proctor Knott (Dem.) ...charges of disloyalty unsustained, seated December 3, 1867.
• 5. Asa Grover (Dem.) ...charges of disloyalty unsustained, seated December 3, 1867.
• 6. Thomas L. Jones (Dem.) ...charges of disloyalty unsustained, seated December 4, 1867.
• 7. James B. Beck (Dem.) ...charges of disloyalty unsustained, seated December 3, 1867.
• 8. George M. Adams (Dem.) ...seated July 8, 1867.
• 9. Samuel McKee (Rep.) ...contested election of John D. Young, seated June 22, 1868.

Louisiana

• 1. J. Hale Sypher (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 18, 1868.
• 2. James Mann (Dem.) ...readmitted state, seated July 18, 1868, died August 26, 1868, seat remained vacant.
• 3. Joseph P. Newsham (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 18, 1868.
• 4. Michel Vidal (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 18, 1868.
• 5. William J. Blackburn (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 18, 1868.

Maine

• 1. John Lynch (Rep.)
• 2. Sidney Perham (Rep.)
• 3. James G. Blaine (Rep.)
• 4. John A. Peters (Rep.)
• 5. Frederick A. Pike (Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. Hiram McCullough (Dem.)
• 2. Stevenson Archer (Dem.)
• 3. Charles E. Phelps (Conservative)
• 4. Francis Thomas (Rep.)
• 5. Frederick Stone (Dem.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Thomas D. Eliot (Rep.)
• 2. Oakes Ames (Rep.)
• 3. Ginery Twichell (Rep.)
• 4. Samuel Hooper (Rep.)
• 5. Benjamin F. Butler (Rep.)
• 6. Nathaniel P. Banks (Rep.)
• 7. George S. Boutwell (Rep.)
• 8. John D. Baldwin (Rep.)
• 9. William B. Washburn (Rep.)
• 10. Henry L. Dawes (Rep.)

Michigan

• 1. Fernando C. Beaman (Rep.)
• 2. Charles Upson (Rep.)
• 3. Austin Blair (Rep.)
• 4. Thomas W. Ferry (Rep.)
• 5. Rowland E. Trowbridge (Rep.)
• 6. John F. Driggs (Rep.)

Minnesota

• 1. William Windom (Rep.)
• 2. Ignatius L. Donnelly (Rep.)

Missouri

• 1. William A. Pile (Rep.)
• 2. Carman A. Newcomb (Rep.)
• 3. Thomas E. Noell (Dem.) ...died October 3, 1867.

  James R. McCormick (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 17, 1867.

• 4. Joseph J. Gravely (Rep.)
• 5. Joseph W. McClurg (Rep.) ...resigned 1868.

  John H. Stover (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1868.

• 6. Robert T. Van Horn (Rep.)
• 7. Benjamin F. Loan (Rep.)
• 8. John F. Benjamin (Rep.)
• 9. George W. Anderson (Rep.)

Nebraska

• A/L. John Taffe (Rep.)

Nevada

• A/L. Delos R. Ashley (Rep.)

New Hampshire

• 1. Jacob H. Ela (Rep.)
• 2. Aaron F. Stevens (Rep.)
• 3. Jacob Benton (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 1. William Moore (Rep.)
• 2. Charles Haight (Dem.)
• 3. Charles Sitgreaves (Dem.)
• 4. John Hill (Rep.)
• 5. George A. Halsey (Rep.)

New York

• 1. Stephen Taber (Dem.)
• 2. Demas Barnes (Dem.)
• 3. William E. Robinson (Dem.)
• 4. John Fox (Dem.)
• 5. John Morrissey (Dem.)
• 6. Thomas E. Stewart Conservative Rep.
• 7. John W. Chanler (Dem.)
• 8. James Brooks (Dem.)
• 9. Fernando Wood (Dem.)
• 10. William H. Robertson (Rep.)
• 11. Charles H. Van Wyck (Rep.)
• 12. John H. Ketcham (Rep.)
• 13. Thomas Cornell (Rep.)
• 14. John V.L. Pruyn (Dem.)
• 15. John A. Griswold (Rep.)
• 16. Orange Ferriss (Rep.)
• 17. Calvin T. Hulburd (Rep.)
• 18. James M. Marvin (Rep.)
• 19. William C. Fields (Rep.)
• 20. Addison H. Laflin (Rep.)
• 21. Alexander H. Bailey (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy in the preceding Congress, seated November 30, 1867.
• 22. John C. Churchill (Rep.)
• 23. Dennis McCarthy (Rep.)
• 24. Theodore M. Pomeroy (Rep.)
• 25. William H. Kelsey (Rep.)
• 26. William S. Lincoln (Rep.)
• 27. Hamilton Ward (Rep.)
• 28. Lewis Selye Independent Rep.
• 29. Burt Van Horn (Rep.)
• 30. James M. Humphrey (Dem.)
• 31. Henry H. Van Aernam (Rep.)

North Carolina

• 1. John R. French (Rep.)
• 2. David Heaton (Rep.)
• 3. Oliver H. Dockery (Rep.)
• 4. John T. Deweese (Rep.)
• 5. Israel G. Lash (Rep.)
• 6. Nathaniel Boyden (Conservative)
• 7. Alexander H. Jones (Rep.)

Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Eggleston (Rep.)
• 2. Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep.) ...resigned July 20, 1867.

  Samuel F. Cary Independent Rep. ...elected to fill vacancy, seated November 21, 1867.

• 3. Robert C. Schenck (Rep.)
• 4. William Lawrence (Rep.)
• 5. William Mungen (Dem.)
• 6. Reader W. Clarke (Rep.)
• 7. Samuel Shellabarger (Rep.)
• 8. Cornelius S. Hamilton (Rep.) ...died December 22, 1867.

  John Beatty (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated February 5, 1868.

• 9. Ralph P. Buckland (Rep.)
• 10. James M. Ashley (Rep.)
• 11. John T. Wilson (Rep.)
• 12. Philadelp Van Trump (Dem.)
• 13. George W. Morgan (Dem.) …contested election, served until June 3, 1868.

  Columbus Delano (Rep.) ...contested election, seated June 3, 1868.

• 14. Martin Welker (Rep.)
• 15. Tobias A. Plants (Rep.)
• 16. John A. Bingham (Rep.)
• 17. Ephraim R. Eckley (Rep.)
• 18. Rufus P. Spalding (Rep.)
• 19. James A. Garfield (Rep.)

Oregon

• A/L. Rufus Mallory (Rep.)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Samuel J. Randall (Dem.)
• 2. Charles O'Neill (Rep.)
• 3. Leonard Myers (Rep.)
• 4. William D. Kelley (Rep.)
• 5. Caleb N. Taylor (Rep.)
• 6. Benjamin M. Boyer (Dem.)
• 7. John M. Broomall (Rep.)
• 8. J. Lawrence Getz (Dem.)
• 9. Thaddeus Stevens (Rep.) ...died August 11, 1868.

  Oliver J. Dickey (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1868.

• 10. Henry L. Cake (Rep.)
• 11. Daniel M. Van Auken (Dem.)
• 12. Charles Denison (Dem.) ...died June 27, 1867.

  George W. Woodward (Dem.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated November 21, 1867.

• 13. Ulysses Mercur (Rep.)
• 14. George F. Miller (Rep.)
• 15. Adam J. Glossbrenner (Dem.)
• 16. William H. Koontz (Rep.)
• 17. Daniel J. Morrell (Rep.)
• 18. Stephen F. Wilson (Rep.)
• 19. Glenni W. Scofield (Rep.)
• 20. Darwin A. Finney (Rep.) ...died August 25, 1868.

  S. Newton Pettis (Rep.) ...elected to fill vacancy, seated December 7, 1868.

• 21. John Covode (Rep.)
• 22. James K. Moorhead (Rep.)
• 23. Thomas Williams (Rep.)
• 24. George V.E. Lawrence (Rep.)

Rhode Island

• 1. Thomas A. Jenckes (Rep.)
• 2. Nathan F. Dixon (Rep.)

South Carolina

• 1. B.F. Whittemore (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 18, 1868.
• 2. C.C. Bowen (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 20, 1868.
• 3. Manuel S. Corley (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 25, 1868.
• 4. James H. Goss (Rep.) ...readmitted state, seated July 18, 1868.

Tennessee

• 1. Roderick R. Butler (Rep.) ...seated June 26, 1868.
• 2. Horace Maynard (Rep.) ...seated November 21, 1867.
• 3. William B. Stokes (Rep.) ...seated November 21, 1867.
• 4. James Mullins (Rep.) ...seated November 21, 1867.
• 5. John Trimble (Rep.) ...seated November 21, 1867.
• 6. Samuel M. Arnell (Rep.) ...seated November 25, 1867.
• 7. Isaac R. Hawkins (Rep.) ...seated November 21, 1867.
• 8. David A. Nunn (Rep.) ...seated November 21, 1867.

Vermont

• 1. Frederick E. Woodbridge (Rep.)
• 2. Luke P. Poland (Rep.)
• 3. Worthington C. Smith (Rep.)

West Virginia

• 1. Chester D. Hubbard (Rep.)
• 2. Bethuel M. Kitchen (Rep.)
• 3. Daniel H. Polsley (Rep.)

Wisconsin

• 1. Halbert E. Paine (Rep.)
• 2. Benjamin F. Hopkins (Rep.)
• 3. Amasa Cobb (Rep.)
• 4. Charles A. Eldredge (Dem.)
• 5. Philetus Sawyer (Rep.)
• 6. Cadwallader C. Washburn (Rep.)

[edit] Delegates

Arizona Territory

• A/L. Coles Bashford (Independent)

Colorado Territory

• A/L. George M. Chilcott (Rep.) ...contested election, seated March 20, 1867.

Dakota Territory

• A/L. Walter A. Burleigh (Rep.)

Idaho Territory

• A/L. Edward D. Holbrook (Dem.)

Montana Territory

• A/L. James M. Cavanaugh (Dem.)

New Mexico Territory

• A/L. Charles P. Clever (Dem.) …contested election, served until February 20, 1869.

  J. Francisco Chaves (Rep.) ...contested election, seated February 20, 1869.

Utah Territory

• A/L. William H. Hooper (Dem.)

Washington Territory

• A/L. Alvan Flanders (Rep.)

[edit] Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

See also: 40th United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 3
  • Democratic: 2 seat net loss
  • Republican: 2 seat net gain

• deaths:
• resignations:
• vacancy:
• Total seats with changes:

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 10
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: 1 seat net loss
  • Independent Republican: 1 seat net gain

• deaths:
• resignations:
• contested election:
• Total seats with changes:

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • John W. Forney of Pennsylvania elected July 15, 1861
  • George C. Gorham of Massachusetts elected June 4, 1868
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • George T. Brown of Illinois, elected July 6, 1861
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. Edgar H. Gray ’’Baptist’’, elected March 9, 1865

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected March 4, 1867
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected March 4, 1867
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Charles E. Lippincott of Illinois, elected March 4, 1867
• Postmaster of the House:
  • William S. King of Minnesota, elected March 4, 1867
• Messenger to the Speaker:
  • William D. Todd
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. Charles B. Boynton Congregationalist, elected March 4, 1867

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

	United States Congress Senate • Senators • Senate Leaders • Senate Committees • Senate Elections House • Representatives • House Leaders • House Committees • House Elections • House Districts

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