42nd United States Congress

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Contents 1 Dates of sessions 2 Major events 3 Major legislation 4 Party summary 4.1 Senate 4.2 House of Representatives 5 Leadership 5.1 Senate 5.2 House of Representatives 6 Members 6.1 Senate 6.2 House of Representatives 6.3 Delegates 7 Changes in membership 7.1 Senate 7.2 House of Representatives 8 Officers 8.1 Senate 8.2 House of Representatives 8.3 Other 9 References 10 External links

The Forty-second United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1871 to March 3, 1873, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.

The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

[edit] Dates of sessions

March 4, 1871 - March 3, 1873

• First session: March 4, 1871 – April 20, 1871
• Special session of the Senate: May 10, 1871 - May 27, 1871
• Second session: December 4, 1871 - June 10, 1872
• Third session: December 2, 1872 - March 3, 1873 — a lame duck session

Previous congress: 41st Congress
Next congress: 43rd Congress

[edit] Major events

Main article: Events of 1871; Events of 1872; Events of 1873

[edit] Major legislation

Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 42nd Congress

[edit] Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

[edit] Senate

• Democratic: 17
• Republican: 56 (majority)
• Liberal Republican: 1

TOTAL members: 74

[edit] House of Representatives

• Democratic: 104
• Republican: 136 (majority)
• Liberal Republican: 2
• Independent Republican: 1

TOTAL members: 243

[edit] Leadership

[edit] Senate

• Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
  • Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana
• President pro tempore of the Senate:
  • Henry B. Anthony, Republican of Rhode Island, first elected March 10, 1871.

[edit] House of Representatives

• Speaker of the House
  • James G. Blaine, Republican of Maine, reelected March 4, 1869.

[edit] Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

See also: 42nd United States Congress - Political Parties

See also: 42nd United States Congress - State Delegations

See also: United States House election, 1870

[edit] Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1874; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1872.

Alabama

• 3. George E. Spencer (Rep.)
• 2. George Goldthwaite (Dem.) ...contested election, seated January 9, 1872.

Arkansas

• 3. Benjamin F. Rice (Rep.)
• 2. Powell Clayton (Rep.)

California

• 3. Cornelius Cole (Rep.)
• 1. Eugene Casserly (Dem.)

Connecticut

• 3. Orris S. Ferry (Rep.)
• 1. William A. Buckingham (Rep.)

Delaware

• 1. Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. (Dem.)
• 2. Eli M. Saulsbury (Dem.)

Florida

• 3. Thomas W. Osborn (Rep.)
• 1. Abijah Gilbert (Rep.)

Georgia

• 3. Joshua Hill (Rep.)
• 2. Thomas M. Norwood (Dem.) …contested election, seated December 19, 1871, after Senate's refusal to seat Foster Blogett.

Illinois

• 3. Lyman Trumbull (Rep.)
• 2. John A. Logan (Rep.)

Indiana

• 3. Oliver P. Morton (Rep.)
• 1. Daniel D. Pratt (Rep.)

Iowa

• 3. James Harlan (Rep.)
• 2. George G. Wright (Rep.)

Kansas

• 3. Samuel C. Pomeroy (Rep.)
• 2. Alexander Caldwell (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 3. Garrett Davis (Dem.) …died September 22, 1872.

  Willis B. Machen (Dem.) …appointed to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1872.

• 2. John W. Stevenson (Dem.)

Louisiana

• 3. William Pitt Kellogg (Rep.) …resigned November 1, 1872, seat remained vacant.
• 2. Joseph R. West (Rep.)

Maine

• 1. Hannibal Hamlin (Rep.)
• 2. Lot M. Morrill (Rep.)

Maryland

• 3. George Vickers (Dem.)
• 1. William T. Hamilton (Dem.)

Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner (Rep.)
• 2. Henry Wilson (Rep.) …resigned March 3, 1873.

Michigan

• 1. Zachariah Chandler (Rep.)
• 2. Thomas W. Ferry (Rep.)

Minnesota

• 1. Alexander Ramsey (Rep.)
• 2. William Windom (Rep.)

Mississippi

• 1. Adelbert Ames (Rep.)
• 2. James L. Alcorn (Rep.) …seated December 4, 1871.

Missouri

• 1. Carl Schurz (Liberal Rep.)
• 3. Francis P. Blair, Jr. (Dem.)

Nebraska

• 1. Thomas W. Tipton (Rep.)
• 2. Phineas W. Hitchcock (Rep.)

Nevada

• 1. William M. Stewart (Rep.)
• 3. James W. Nye (Rep.)

New Hampshire

• 2. Aaron H. Cragin (Rep.)
• 3. James W. Patterson (Rep.)

New Jersey

• 1. John P. Stockton (Dem.)
• 2. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (Rep.)

New York

• 3. Roscoe Conkling (Rep.)
• 1. Reuben E. Fenton (Rep.)

North Carolina

• 3. John Pool (Rep.)
• 2. Matt W. Ransom (Dem.) …contested election, seated April 24, 1872.

Ohio

• 3. John Sherman (Rep.)
• 1. Allen G. Thurman (Dem.)

Oregon

• 3. Henry W. Corbett (Rep.)
• 2. James K. Kelly (Dem.)

Pennsylvania

• 3. Simon Cameron (Rep.)
• 1. John Scott (Rep.)

Rhode Island

• 2. Henry B. Anthony (Rep.)
• 1. William Sprague (Rep.)

South Carolina

• 2. Thomas J. Robertson (Rep.)
• 3. Frederick A. Sawyer (Rep.)

Tennessee

• 1. William G. Brownlow (Rep.)
• 2. Henry Cooper (Dem.)

Texas

• 1. James W. Flanagan (Rep.)
• 2. Morgan C. Hamilton (Rep.) …contested election, seated March 20, 1871.

Vermont

• 1. George F. Edmunds (Rep.)
• 3. Justin S. Morrill (Rep.)

Virginia

• 1. John F. Lewis (Rep.)
• 2. John W. Johnston (Dem.)

West Virginia

• 1. Arthur I. Boreman (Rep.)
• 2. Henry G. Davis (Dem.)

Wisconsin

• 3. Timothy O. Howe (Rep.)
• 1. Matthew H. Carpenter (Rep.)

[edit] House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.

Alabama

• 1. Benjamin S. Turner (Rep.)
• 2. Charles W. Buckley (Rep.)
• 3. William A. Handley (Dem.)
• 4. Charles Hays (Rep.)
• 5. Peter M. Dox (Dem.)
• 6. Joseph H. Sloss (Dem.)

Arkansas

• 1. James M. Hanks (Dem.)
• 2. Oliver P. Snyder (Rep.)
• 3. John Edwards (Liberal Rep.) …contested election, served until February 9, 1872.

  Thomas Boles (Rep.) …contested election, seated February 9, 1872.

California

• 1. Sherman O. Houghton (Rep.)
• 2. Aaron A. Sargent (Rep.)
• 3. John M. Coghlan (Rep.)

Connecticut

• 1. Julius L. Strong (Rep.)
• 2. Stephen W. Kellogg (Rep.)
• 3. Henry H. Starkweather (Rep.)
• 4. William H. Barnum (Dem.)

Delaware

• A/L. Benjamin T. Biggs (Dem.)

Florida

• A/L. Josiah T. Walls (Rep.)

  Silas L. Niblack (Dem.)

Georgia

• 1. Archibald T. Macintyre (Dem.)
• 2. Richard H. Whiteley (Rep.)
• 3. John S. Bigby (Rep.)
• 4. Thomas J. Speer (Rep.) …died August 18, 1872.

  Erasmus W. Beck (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1872.

• 5. Dudley M. Du Bose (Dem.)
• 6. William P. Price (Dem.)
• 7. Pierce M. Young (Dem.)

Illinois

• 1. Charles B. Farwell (Rep.)
• 2. John F. Farnsworth (Rep.)
• 3. Horatio C. Burchard (Rep.)
• 4. John B. Hawley (Rep.)
• 5. Bradford N. Stevens (Dem.)
• 6. Burton C. Cook (Rep.) …resigned August 26, 1871.

  Henry Snapp (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 4, 1871.

• 7. Jesse H. Moore (Rep.)
• 8. James C. Robinson (Dem.)
• 9. Thompson W. McNeely (Dem.)
• 10. Edward Y. Rice (Dem.)
• 11. Samuel S. Marshall (Dem.)
• 12. John B. Hay (Rep.)
• 13. John M. Crebs (Dem.)
• A/L. John L. Beveridge (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy from the preceding Congress, seated December 4, 1871, resigned January 4, 1873.

Indiana

• 1. William E. Niblack (Dem.)
• 2. Michael C. Kerr (Dem.)
• 3. William S. Holman (Dem.)
• 4. Jeremiah M. Wilson (Rep.)
• 5. John Coburn (Rep.)
• 6. Daniel W. Voorhees (Dem.)
• 7. Mahlon D. Manson (Dem.)
• 8. James N. Tyner (Rep.)
• 9. John P. Shanks (Rep.)
• 10. William Williams (Rep.)
• 11. Jasper Packard (Rep.)

Iowa

• 1. George W. McCrary (Rep.)
• 2. Aylett R. Cotton (Rep.)
• 3. William G. Donnan (Rep.)
• 4. Madison M. Walden (Rep.)
• 5. Francis W. Palmer (Rep.)
• 6. Jackson Orr (Rep.)

Kansas

• A/L. David P. Lowe (Rep.)

Kentucky

• 1. Edward Crossland (Dem.)
• 2. Henry D. McHenry (Dem.)
• 3. Joseph H. Lewis (Dem.)
• 4. William B. Read (Dem.)
• 5. Boyd Winchester (Dem.)
• 6. William E. Arthur (Dem.)
• 7. James B. Beck (Dem.)
• 8. George M. Adams (Dem.)
• 9. John M. Rice (Dem.)

Louisiana

• 1. Jacob H. Sypher (Rep.)
• 2. Lionel A. Sheldon (Rep.)
• 3. Chester B. Darrall (Rep.)
• 4. James McCleery (Rep.) …died November 5, 1871, never having qualified.

  Alexander Boarman (Liberal Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 3, 1872.

• 5. Frank Morey (Rep.)

Maine

• 1. John Lynch (Rep.)
• 2. William P. Frye (Rep.)
• 3. James G. Blaine (Rep.)
• 4. John A. Peters (Rep.)
• 5. Eugene Hale (Rep.)

Maryland

• 1. Samuel Hambleton (Dem.)
• 2. Stevenson Archer (Dem.)
• 3. Thomas Swann (Dem.)
• 4. William M. Merrick (Dem.)
• 5. John Ritchie (Dem.)

Massachusetts

• 1. James Buffinton (Rep.)
• 2. Oakes Ames (Rep.)
• 3. Ginery Twichell (Rep.)
• 4. Samuel Hooper (Rep.)
• 5. Benjamin F. Butler (Rep.)
• 6. Nathaniel P. Banks (Rep.)
• 7. George M. Brooks (Rep.) …resigned May 13, 1872.

  Constantine C. Esty (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1872.

• 8. George F. Hoar (Rep.)
• 9. William B. Washburn (Rep.) …resigned December 5, 1871.

  Alvah Crocker (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated February 14, 1872.

• 10. Henry L. Dawes (Rep.)

Michigan

• 1. Henry Waldron (Rep.)
• 2. William L. Stoughton (Rep.)
• 3. Austin Blair (Rep.)
• 4. Wilder D. Foster (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy from the preceding Congress, seated December 4, 1871.
• 5. Omar D. Conger (Rep.)
• 6. Jabez G. Sutherland (Dem.)

Minnesota

• 1. Mark H. Dunnell (Rep.)
• 2. John T. Averill (Rep.)

Mississippi

• 1. George E. Harris (Rep.)
• 2. Joseph L. Morphis (Rep.)
• 3. Henry W. Barry (Rep.)
• 4. George C. McKee (Rep.)
• 5. Legrand W. Perce (Rep.)

Missouri

• 1. Erastus Wells (Dem.)
• 2. Gustavus A. Finkelnburg (Liberal Rep.)
• 3. James R. McCormick (Dem.)
• 4. Harrison E. Havens (Rep.)
• 5. Samuel S. Burdett (Rep.)
• 6. Abram Comingo (Dem.)
• 7. Isaac C. Parker (Rep.)
• 8. James G. Blair (Liberal Rep.)
• 9. Andrew King (Dem.)

Nebraska

• A/L. John Taffe (Rep.)

Nevada

• A/L. Charles W. Kendall (Dem.)

New Hampshire

• 1. Ellery A. Hibbard (Dem.)
• 2. Samuel N. Bell (Dem.)
• 3. Hosea W. Parker (Dem.)

New Jersey

• 1. John W. Hazelton (Rep.)
• 2. Samuel C. Forker (Dem.)
• 3. John T. Bird (Dem.)
• 4. John Hill (Rep.)
• 5. George A. Halsey (Rep.)

New York

• 1. Dwight Townsend (Dem.)
• 2. Thomas Kinsella (Dem.)
• 3. Henry W. Slocum (Dem.)
• 4. Robert B. Roosevelt (Dem.)
• 5. William R. Roberts (Dem.)
• 6. Samuel S. Cox (Dem.)
• 7. Smith Ely, Jr. (Dem.)
• 8. James Brooks (Dem.)
• 9. Fernando Wood (Dem.)
• 10. Clarkson N. Potter (Dem.)
• 11. Charles St. John (Rep.)
• 12. John H. Ketcham (Rep.)
• 13. Joseph H. Tuthill (Dem.)
• 14. Eli Perry (Dem.)
• 15. Joseph M. Warren (Dem.)
• 16. John Rogers (Dem.)
• 17. William A. Wheeler (Rep.)
• 18. John M. Carroll (Dem.)
• 19. Elizur H. Prindle (Rep.)
• 20. Clinton L. Merriam (Rep.)
• 21. Ellis H. Roberts (Rep.)
• 22. William E. Lansing (Rep.)
• 23. Rodolphus H. Duell (Rep.)
• 24. John E. Seeley (Rep.)
• 25. William H. Lamport (Rep.)
• 26. Milo Goodrich (Rep.)
• 27. Horace Boardman Smith (Rep.)
• 28. Freeman Clarke (Rep.)
• 29. Seth Wakeman (Rep.)
• 30. William Williams (Dem.)
• 31. Walter L. Sessions (Rep.)

North Carolina

• 1. Clinton L. Cobb (Rep.)
• 2. Charles R. Thomas (Rep.)
• 3. Alfred M. Waddell (Dem.)
• 4. Sion H. Rogers (Dem.) …contested elected, seated May 23, 1872.
• 5. James M. Leach (Dem.)
• 6. Francis E. Shober (Dem.)
• 7. James C. Harper (Dem.)

Ohio

• 1. Aaron F. Perry (Rep.) …resigned 1872.

  Ozro J. Dodds (Dem.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated December 2, 1872.

• 2. Job E. Stevenson (Rep.)
• 3. Lewis D. Campbell (Dem.)
• 4. John F. McKinney (Dem.)
• 5. Charles N. Lamison (Dem.)
• 6. John A. Smith (Rep.)
• 7. Samuel Shellabarger (Rep.)
• 8. John Beatty (Rep.)
• 9. Charles Foster (Rep.)
• 10. Erasmus D. Peck (Rep.)
• 11. John T. Wilson (Rep.)
• 12. Van Trump Philadelph (Dem.)
• 13. George W. Morgan (Dem.)
• 14. James Monroe (Rep.)
• 15. William P. Sprague (Rep.)
• 16. John A. Bingham (Rep.)
• 17. Jacob A. Ambler (Rep.)
• 18. William H. Upson (Rep.)
• 19. James A. Garfield (Rep.)

Oregon

• A/L. James H. Slater (Dem.)

Pennsylvania

• 1. Samuel J. Randall (Dem.)
• 2. John V. Creely (Independent Rep.)
• 3. Leonard Myers (Rep.)
• 4. William D. Kelley (Rep.)
• 5. Alfred C. Harmer (Rep.)
• 6. Ephraim L. Acker (Dem.)
• 7. Washington Townsend (Rep.)
• 8. James L. Getz (Dem.)
• 9. Oliver J. Dickey (Rep.)
• 10. John W. Killinger (Rep.)
• 11. John B. Storm (Dem.)
• 12. Lazarus D. Shoemaker (Rep.)
• 13. Ulysses Mercur (Rep.) …resigned December 2, 1872.

  Frank C. Bunnell (Rep.) …elected to fill vacancy, seated January 7, 1873.

• 14. John B. Packer (Rep.)
• 15. Richard J. Haldeman (Dem.)
• 16. Benjamin F. Meyers (Dem.)
• 17. Robert M. Speer (Dem.)
• 18. Henry Sherwood (Dem.)
• 19. Glenni W. Scofield (Rep.)
• 20. Samuel Griffith (Dem.)
• 21. Henry D. Foster (Dem.)
• 22. James S. Negley (Rep.)
• 23. Ebenezer McJunkin (Rep.)
• 24. William McClelland (Dem.)

Rhode Island

• 1. Benjamin T. Eames (Rep.)
• 2. James M. Pendleton (Rep.)

South Carolina

• 1. Joseph H. Rainey (Rep.)
• 2. Robert C. De Large (Rep.) …contested election, seat declared vacant January 24, 1873.
• 3. Robert B. Elliott (Rep.)
• 4. Alexander S. Wallace (Rep.)

Tennessee

• 1. Roderick R. Butler (Rep.)
• 2. Horace Maynard (Rep.)
• 3. Abraham E. Garrett (Dem.)
• 4. John M. Bright (Dem.)
• 5. Edward I. Golladay (Dem.)
• 6. Washington C. Whitthorne (Dem.)
• 7. Robert P. Caldwell (Dem.)
• 8. William W. Vaughan (Dem.)

Texas

• 1. William S. Herndon (Dem.)
• 2. John C. Conner (Dem.)
• 3. William T. Clark (Rep.) …contested election, seated January 10, 1872, served until May 13, 1872,

  De Witt C. Giddings (Dem.) …contested election, seated May 13, 1872.

• 4. John Hancock (Dem.)

Vermont

• 1. Charles W. Willard (Rep.)
• 2. Luke P. Poland (Rep.)
• 3. Worthington C. Smith (Rep.)

Virginia

• 1. John Critcher (Dem.)
• 2. James H. Platt, Jr. (Rep.)
• 3. Charles H. Porter (Rep.)
• 4. William H.H. Stowell (Rep.)
• 5. Richard T.W. Duke (Dem.)
• 6. John T. Harris (Dem.)
• 7. Elliott M. Braxton (Dem.)
• 8. William Terry (Dem.)

West Virginia

• 1. John J. Davis (Dem.)
• 2. James McGrew (Rep.)
• 3. Frank Hereford (Dem.)

Wisconsin

• 1. Alexander Mitchell (Dem.)
• 2. Gerry W. Hazelton (Rep.)
• 3. Joel A. Barber (Rep.)
• 4. Charles A. Eldredge (Dem.)
• 5. Philetus Sawyer (Rep.)
• 6. Jeremiah M. Rusk (Rep.)

[edit] Delegates

Arizona Territory

• A/L. Richard C. McCormick (Dem.)

Colorado Territory

• A/L. Jerome B. Chaffee (Rep.)

Dakota Territory

• A/L. Moses K. Armstrong (Dem.)

The District of Columbia

• A/L. Norton P. Chipman (Rep.) …new representation, seated December 4, 1871.

Idaho Territory

• A/L. Samuel A. Merritt (Dem.)

Montana Territory

• A/L. William H. Clagett (Rep.) …elected August 7, 1871.

New Mexico Territory

• A/L. José M. Gallegos (Dem.) …elected September 4, 1871.

Utah Territory

• A/L. William H. Hooper (Dem.)

Washington Territory

• A/L. Selucius Garfielde (Rep.)

Wyoming Territory

• A/L. William T. Jones (Rep.)

[edit] Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

See also: 42nd United States Congress - Membership Changes

[edit] Senate

• replacements: 1
  • Democratic: no net change
  • Republican: no net change

• deaths:
• resignations:
• vacancy:
• Total seats with changes:

[edit] House of Representatives

• replacements: 10
  • Democratic: 2 seat net gain
  • Republican: 3 seat net loss
  • Liberal Republican: 1 seat net gain

• deaths:
• resignations:
• contested election:
• Total seats with changes:

[edit] Officers

[edit] Senate

• Secretary of the Senate:
  • George C. Gorham of Massachusetts elected June 4, 1868
• Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:
  • John R. French of New Hampshire, elected March 22, 1869
• Chaplain of the Senate
  • The Rev. John P. Newman Methodist, elected March 8, 1869

[edit] House of Representatives

• Clerk of the House:
  • Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected March 4, 1871
• Sergeant at Arms of the House:
  • Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected March 4, 1871
• Doorkeeper of the House:
  • Otis S. Buxton of New York, elected March 4, 1871
• Postmaster of the House:
  • William S. King of Minnesota, elected March 4, 1871
• Clerk at the Speaker’s Table:
  • John M. Barclay
• Chaplain of the House
  • The Rev. John G. Butler Presbyterian, elected March 4, 1871

[edit] Other

• Architect of the Capitol:
  • Edward Clark, appointed August 30, 1865

[edit] References

• Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 
• Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 

[edit] External links

• Statutes at Large, 1789-1875 [1]
• Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [2]
• House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress [3]
• Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress [4]
• U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History [5]
• U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists [6]

	United States Congress Senate • Senators • Senate Leaders • Senate Committees • Senate Elections House • Representatives • House Leaders • House Committees • House Elections • House Districts

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